Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Country	Study type	NAT type	n (total)	n (distal)	n (NAT, distal)	n (unresectable, distal, NAT)	n (advanced vascular involvement, distal, NAT)	n (unresectable, distal, NAT, resected)
McMasters et al[23], 1997	United States	Prospective	5-FU CRT	91	28	4	4	4	4
Czito et al[27], 2006	United States	Prospective (Phase I)	Eniluracil/5-FU CRT	3	3	3	2	2	1
Nelson et al[31], 2009	United States	Retrospective	Fluoropyrimidine-based CRT	45	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Kobayashi et al[33], 2015	Japan	Prospective (Phase I)	Gem CRT	25	25	15	NR	NR	NR
Cloyd et al[26], 2019	United States	Retrospective	Gem or 5-FU Chemotherapy or 5-FU, cap or Gem CRT	45	45	21	9	1	9
Oh et al[28], 2021	South Korea	Retrospective	Gem-based	12	4	4	4	2	4
Adam et al[25], 2023	United States	Retrospective	NR	2514	25141	157	NR	NR	NR
Fujii et al[29], 2022	Japan	Retrospective	Gem CRT	16	16	16	NR	NR	NR
Parente et al[30], 2023	United States	Retrospective	NR	9411	1953	271	NR	NR	NR
Toyoda et al[32], 2023	United States	Retrospective	NR	6582	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Choi et al[24], 2023	South Korea	Retrospective	Gem/Cis/nab-P chemotherapy	129	NR	NR	NR	NR	24 (+4)2
Silver et al[34], 2023	United States	Retrospective	NR	8040	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR

¹Adam et al[25] report on extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, in the context of peri-ampullary malignancy, without explicitly defining distal cholangiocarcinoma.

²Choi et al[24] give a total number of patients with distal (24) and distal + hilar (4) patients who had locally advanced disease, who received NAT, and were then resected, but without giving the individual numbers of each.

NAT: Neoadjuvant therapy; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; FU: Fluorouracil; Gem: Gemcitabine; Cap: Capecitabine; nab-P: Nab-paclitaxel; NR: Not reported.