New anti-mesenteric delta-shaped stapled anastomosis: Technical report with short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics between the new anti-mesenteric side-to-side delta-shaped stapled anastomosis and the conventional side-to-side stapled anastomosis groups

Variables	Delta-shaped	Conventional	P value	SMD1	Delta-shaped	Conventional	SMD1
	n = 92	n = 83			n = 92	n = 83
Age at diagnosis, years, mean ± SD	26.87 ± 9.25	28.10 ± 10.57	0.414	0.123	27.9 ± 9.29	27.53 ± 11.46	0.036
Age at operation, years, mean ± SD	35.22 ± 10.01	34.37 ± 11.47	0.604	0.078	34.88 ± 9.89	34.64 ± 11.51	0.022
Sex, n (%)			0.607	0.095			0.019
Female	26 (28.3)	20 (24.1)			22 (24.3)	19 (23.5)
Male	66 (71.7)	63 (75.9)			70 (75.7)	64 (76.5)
Body mass index at operation, kg/m2, mean ± SD	19.56 ± 3.10	20.12 ± 3.54	0.261	0.170	20.09 ± 3.43	19.82 ± 3.51	0.078
History of previous abdominal operation, n (%)			0.198	0.195			0.042
Yes	27 (29.3)	32 (38.6)			33 (36.4)	29 (34.4)
History of perianal fistula, n (%)			0.645	0.145			0.075
None	63 (68.5)	62 (74.7)			68 (74.2)	64 (77.3)
Currently having perianal fistula	5 (5.4)	3 (3.6)			4 (4.4)	3 (3.8)
Healed state after treatment	24 (26.1)	18 (21.7)			20 (21.4)	16 (18.9)
Family history of CD, n (%)			0.709	0.079			0.025
Yes	3 (3.3)	4 (4.8)			3 (3.3)	3 (3.8)
History of smoking, n (%)			0.236	0.259			0.093
None	53 (57.6)	49 (59.0)			51 (55.6)	49 (59.3)
Ex-smoker	26 (28.3)	16 (19.3)			21 (22.6)	19 (22.4)
Current smoker	13 (14.1)	18 (21.7)			20 (21.8)	15 (18.3)
Montreal classification behavior, n (%)			0.779	0.108			0.118
Non-stricturing, non-penetrating (B1)	12 (13.0)	8 (9.6)			10 (11.3)	12 (14.4)
Stricturing (B2)	31 (33.7)	29 (34.9)			34 (37.3)	27 (32.7)
Penetrating (B3)	49 (53.3)	46 (55.4)			47 (51.4)	44 (52.9)
Montreal classification location, n (%)			0.021a	0.439			0.041
Ileum (L1)	46 (50.0)	45 (54.2)			45 (49.1)	42 (51.1)
Colon (L2)	13 (14.1)	2 (2.4)			8 (8.2)	6 (7.7)
Ileocolon (L3)	33 (35.9)	36 (43.4)			39 (42.7)	34 (41.2)
Medical treatment just before surgery, n (%)
No medication	23 (25.0)	17 (20.5)	0.477	0.108	20 (21.8)	19 (22.3)	0.013
Immunomodulators, only	27 (29.3)	34 (41.0)	0.107	0.245	33 (35.9)	28 (33.8)	0.043
Anti-TNF-α antibodies, only	21 (22.8)	14 (16.9)	0.325	0.150	18 (19.3)	16 (19.0)	0.006
Corticosteroids, only	5 (5.4)	7 (8.4)	0.433	0.118	6 (6.2)	6 (6.6)	0.018
Combined immunomodulators with anti-TNF-α antibodies	10 (10.9)	10 (12.0)	0.807	0.037	11 (12.1)	12 (14.6)	0.073
Combined immunomodulators with corticosteroids	5 (5.4)	2 (2.4)	0.448	0.156	4 (4.1)	3 (3.6)	0.028
Combined anti-TNF-α antibodies with corticosteroids	2 (2.2)	1 (1.2)	> 0.999	0.075	1 (1.6)	1 (1.2)	0.032

^aP < 0.05.

¹Standardized mean difference: (1) Discrimination: c-statistics = 0.722; and (2) Calibration: Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics: χ² = 4.0785; df = 8; P value = 0.85.

CD: Crohn’s disease; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; SMD: Standardized mean difference.