Lone-Star retractor perineal exposure method for laparoscopic abdominal perineal resection of rectal cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics

	LSR group	Control group	Value of statistics	P value
	n = 20	n = 18
Age (year)	67.00 ± 9.11	66.89 ± 9.46	t = 0.037	0.971
Sex, n (%)			F	1.000
Male	14 (70.0)	13 (72.2)
Female	6 (30.0)	5 (27.8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.19 ± 3.81	22.45 ± 3.62	t = 0.619	0.540
Distance of the tumor from the anal verge (cm)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.75 (3.00, 4.00)	z = 1.634	0.102
Tumor size (cm)	4.25 (3.58, 4.25)	4.00 (3.00, 6.00)	z = 0.266	0.791
Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%)			F	0.606
Yes	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)
No	17 (85.0)	17 (94.4)
Clinical stage, n (%)			χ2 = 1.826	0.401
I	5 (25.0)	8 (44.4)
II	9 (45.0)	5 (27.8)
III	6 (30.0)	5 (27.8)
IV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Preoperative comorbidities, n (%)			-	0.516
Yes	12 (60.0)	8 (44.4)
No	8 (40.0)	10 (55.6)
Preoperative hemoglobin	114.05 ± 17.18	120.89 ± 16.26	t = 1.257	0.217
Preoperative prealbumin	256.40 ± 67.50	227.18 ± 59.39	t = 1.410	0.167

F: Fisher’s exact test; LSR: Lone-Star retractor.