Cost burden following esophagectomy: A single centre observational study

Table 3 Esophagectomy key complications, n (%)

Complications	Grade	n = 110
Anastomotic leak: Full-thickness GI defect involving esophagus, anastomosis, staple line, or conduit irrespective of presentation or method of identification	Type I: Local defect requiring no change in therapy or treated medically or with dietary modification	11 (10.0)
	Type II: Localized defect requiring interventional but not surgical therapy	5 (4.5)
	Type III: Localized defect requiring surgical therapy	4 (3.64)
Subtotal		20 (18.2)
Conduit necrosis/failure: Postoperative identification of conduit necrosis	Type I: Focal conduit necrosis identified endoscopically requiring monitoring or non-surgical therapy	0 (0)
	Type II: Focal conduit necrosis focal identified endoscopically and not associated with free anastomotic or conduit leak, requiring surgical therapy without esophageal diversion	2 (1.8)
	Type III: Conduit necrosis extensive requiring with conduit resection with diversion	1 (0.9)
Subtotal		3 (2.7)
Chyle leak: Milky discharge upon initiation of enteric feeds and/or pleural fluid analysis demonstrating triglyceride level > 100 mg/dL and/or chylomicrons in pleural fluid	Type Ia: < 1 L output, Treatment-enteric dietary 3 modifications	3 (2.7)
	Type Ib: > 1 L output, treated with enteric dietary modifications	0 (0)
	Type IIa: < 1 L output, treated with total parenteral nutrition	1 (0.9)
	Type IIb: > 1 L output, treated with total parenteral nutrition	0 (0)
	Type IIIa: < 1 L output, treated with interventional or surgical therapy	2 (1.8)
	Type IIIb: > 1 L output, treated with interventional or surgical therapy	5 (4.5)
Subtotal		11 (10)
	Type Ia: Unilateral injury transient injury requiring no therapy (dietary modification aloud)	5 (4.5)
	Type Ib: Bilateral injury transient injury requiring no therapy (dietary modification aloud)	0 (0)
	Type IIa: Unilateral injury requiring elective surgical procedure, for example thyroplasty or medialization procedure	3 (2.7)
	Type IIb: Unilateral injury requiring elective surgical procedure for example thyroplasty or medialization procedure	0 (0)
	Type IIIa: Unilateral injury requiring acute surgical intervention (due to aspiration or respiratory issues), for example, thyroplasty or medialization procedure	2 (1.8)
	Type IIIb: Bilateral Injury requiring acute surgical intervention (due to aspiration or respiratory issues), for example, thyroplasty or medialization procedure	3 (2.7)
Subtotal		13 (11.8)
Total		47 (42.7)

Complications are defined and graded as per the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group[19]. GI: Gastrointestinal.