Cost burden following esophagectomy: A single centre observational study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, surgical and oncological data, n (%)

Variable	n = 110
Demographics
Sex
Male	91 (82.7)
Female	19 (17.3)
Age (years)	64.47 ± 9.694
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27.0 ± 4.9
Smoking
Never	30 (27.3)
Active	12 (10.9)
Quit < 6 weeks prior to surgery	5 (4.5)
Quit 6 weeks to 90 days prior to surgery	4 (3.6)
Quit > 90 days prior to surgery	59 (53.6)
Pack year history	20 (0-40)
Alcohol consumption > 4 standard drinks	13 (11.8)
Risk classification
ASA
1	2 (1.8)
2	35 (31.8)
3	68 (61.8)
4	5 (4.5)
ECOG
0	78 (70.9)
1	28 (25.5)
2	3 (2.7)
ACCI (median)	4 (3-5)
Comorbidities
Coronary artery disease	3 (2.7)
Myocardial infarction	6 (5.5)
Congestive heart failure	1 (0.9)
Peripheral vascular disease	7 (6.4)
Cerebrovascular accident	5 (4.5)
Chronic pulmonary disease	11 (10)
Diabetes mellitus (uncomplicated)	13 (11.8)
Diabetes mellitus (end-organ damage)	2 (1.8)
Moderate to severe renal disease	1 (0.9)
Synchronous malignancy (solid tumor)	2 (1.8)
Past malignancy	16 (14.5)
Previous laparotomy	13 (11.8)
Previous thoracotomy	8 (7.3)
Previous hiatal operation	4 (3.6)
Laboratory tests
Hemoglobin (g/L)	132 (90, 176)
White cell ( 109/L)	6.6 (3, 13)
Platelet ( 109/L)	231.5 (110, 541)
Creatinine (mmol/L)	79.5 (44, 72)
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	87 (33, 91)
Albumin (g/L)	38 (27, 44)
Principal diagnosis (indication for surgery)
Malignant	104 (94.5)
Benign	6 (5.5)
Surgical approach
Open	94 (85.4)
Minimally invasive (laparoscopy & thoracoscopy)	3 (2.7)
Hybrid (chest or abdomen)	13 (11.8)
Conversion to open	5 (4.5)
Anastomosis site
Chest	68 (61.8)
Neck	42 (38.2)
Esophageal conduit
Stomach	107 (97.3)
Colon	3 (2.7)
AJCC staging (8th edition)
I	36 (32.7)
II	14 (12.7)
IIIA	10 (9)
IIIB	27 (24.5)
IVA	13 (11.8)
IVB	3 (2.7)
Resection margin
R0: Negative	97 (88.1)
R1: Microscopic positive	10 (9)
R2: Macroscopic positive	1 (0.9)
Admission details
ICU length of stay (days) n = 108	2.7 (1.6-6.3)
HDU length of stay (days) n = 17	0.5 (0.4-0.7)
Length of hospital stay	18 (13-27)
Discharge destination
Home	84 (76.4)
Hospital at home	5 (4.5)
Rehabilitation facility/subacute care	19 (17.3)
Death	2 (1.8)
Readmission
30-day readmission	26 (23.6)
90-day readmission	47 (42.7)

Data are presented as count (proportion), mean ± SD, and median (interquartile range). ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology; ACCI: Age-related Charlson Comorbidity Index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; ICU: Intensive care unit; HDU: High dependency unit; eGFR: Estimate glomerular filtration rate.