How to apply ex-vivo split liver transplantation safely and feasibly: A three-step approach

Figure 1 Procedure of splitting the first porta hepatis. A: Separation of the left and right branches of the portal vein (arrow indicating the left portal vein); B: Division of the left portal vein (arrow) followed by suturing of the proximal end; C: Identification and division of the left hepatic artery (arrow); D: Identification of the division site of the left hepatic duct (blue arrow) under biliary probe guidance (black arrow); E: Incision of the left hepatic duct anterior wall (arrow) and reconfirmation of the left hepatic duct, right hepatic duct, and suspected bile duct openings using the probe; F: Division of the left hepatic duct, confirming the landmark for the division of liver parenchyma in the first porta hepatis.