Identifying the risk factors for pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups [mean ± SD, n (%)]

Profile	PF group (n = 15)	Non-PF group (n = 186)	t/χ2/z value	P value
Sex			5.227	0.022
Male	13 (86.67)	105 (56.45)
Female	2 (13.33)	81 (43.55)
Age (yr)	66.00 ± 8.64	62.35 ± 9.19	1.486	0.139
BMI (kg/m²)	24.17 ± 2.96	22.58 ± 2.43	2.404	0.017
Smoking history			0.408	0.523
Yes	3 (20.00)	26 (13.98)
No	12 (80.00)	160 (86.02)
Hypertension			6.209	0.013
Yes	10 (66.67)	64 (34.41)
No	5 (33.33)	122 (65.59)
Combined diabetes			0.053	0.818
Yes	3 (20.00)	42 (22.58)
No	12 (80.00)	144 (77.42)
ASA classification			0.849	0.654
Level 1	0	7 (3.76)
Level 2	15 (100)	176 (94.62)
Level 3	0	3 (1.62)

BMI: Body mass index; PF: Pancreatic fistula; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.