Risk factors associated with intraoperative persistent hypotension in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 2 Comparison of general conditions between two groups during surgery

	Total (n = 1596)	Intraoperative persistent hypotension (n = 661)	Non-intraoperative persistent hypotension (n = 935)	P value
Surgery time, h (IQR)	4.58 (3.87-5.48)	4.75 (4.07-5.83)	4.45 (3.78-4.49)	< 0.001
Total infusion, mL (IQR)	2800 (2300-3500)	3100 (2595-3700)	2760 (2300-3277)	< 0.001
Crystal liquid, mL (IQR)	1600 (1500-2100)	1600 (1500-2100)	1600 (1500-2000)	< 0.001
Colloidal liquid, mL (IQR)	1000 (700-1200)	1000 (700-1200)	1000 (700-1200)	0.015
Red blood cell infusion, mL (IQR)	0 (0-260)	0 (0-390)	0 (0-0)	< 0.001
Grading of red blood cell infusion, n (%)				< 0.001
1-259 mL	26 (1.62)	10 (1.51)	16 (1.71)
260-519 mL	218 (13.66)	115 (17.40)	103 (11.00)
520-779 mL	172 (10.78)	89 (13.46)	83 (8.88)
780-1039 mL	50 (3.13)	30 (4.54)	20 (2.13)
≥ 1040 mL	10 (0.63)	10 (1.51)	0 (0)
Plasma, mL (IQR)	0 (0-325)	0 (0-375)	0 (0-370)	< 0.001
Total output, mL (IQR)	800 (550-1200)	850 (550-1300)	750 (500-1150)	< 0.001
Blood loss, mL (IQR)	300 (200-500)	350 (200-600)	300 (200-400)	< 0.001
Grading of blood loss, n (%)				< 0.001
< 250 mL	639 (40.04)	200 (30.26)	439 (46.95)
250-499 mL	510 (31.95)	215 (32.53)	295 (31.55)
500-749 mL	258 (16.17)	139 (21.03)	119 (12.73)
750-999 mL	107 (6.70)	52 (7.87)	55 (5.88)
≥ 1000 mL	82 (5.14)	55 (8.32)	27 (2.89)
Intraoperative urine output, mL (IQR)	400 (300-650)	400 (300-700)	400 (250-350)	0.054
Intraoperative blood gas analysis, median (IQR)
pH	7.38 (7.35-7.42)	7.38 (7.35-7.41)	7.38 (7.36-7.42)	< 0.001
PaCO2 (mmHg)	41 (38-44)	41 (38-44)	42 (39-44)	0.270
HCO3 (mmol/L)	25.00 (23.70-25.90)	24.60 (23.40-25.80)	25.00 (24.00-25.90)	< 0.001
Hb (mmol/L)	11.00 (10.20-11.90)	11.00 (9.90-11.90)	11.00 (10.20-11.90)	0.190
Lac (mmol/L)	1.00 (0.80-1.20)	1.00 (0.80-1.30)	1.00 (0.80-1.10)	< 0.001
Ca2+ (mmol/L)	1.06 (1.02-1.10)	1.05 (1.01-1.09)	1.07 (1.03-1.11)	< 0.001
Glu (mmol/L)	8.90 (7.70-10.00)	9.35 (7.90-10.4)	8.90 (7.50-9.80)	< 0.001
Glu mean (mmol/L)	7.18 (6.46-8.30)	7.26 (6.54-8.45)	7.13 (6.41-8.17)	0.023
Glu cv (%)	28 (20-36)	29 (21-36)	27 (19-35)	0.002
Ca2+ level, n (%)				< 0.001
Ca2+ ≤ 1.05 mmol/L	735 (46.05)	375 (56.73)	360 (38.50)
Ca2+ > 1.05 mmol/L	861 (53.95)	286 (43.27)	575 (61.50)

Glu _mean: The patient’s blood glucose at the time of hospital admission, preoperative blood glucose level, and blood glucose level recorded 3 h into the surgical procedure; Glu _cv: The coefficient of variation of blood glucose.