Effects of oral probiotics on inflammation and intestinal function in adult patients after appendectomy: Randomized controlled trial

Table 1 C-reactive protein/interleukin/procalcitonin and white blood cell count before and after surgery in both groups

Items	Groups	Before surgery	2 d after surgery	5 d after surgery
WBC (× 109/L)	Control group	13.09 ± 2.98	10.44 ± 2.17	7.82 ± 1.98
	Probiotics group	12.72 ± 2.87	9.41 ± 2.19	7.69 ± 1.95
CRP (mg/L)	Control group	32.83 ± 56.11	102.07 ± 73.49	33.03 ± 28.56
	Probiotics group	30.89 ± 33.52	31.49 ± 26.57a	13.46 ± 10.49a
IL (pg/mL)	Control group	24.73 ± 12.73	36.55 ± 45.58	9.32 ± 7.64
	Probiotics group	30.31 ± 20.29	16.85 ± 18.2a	8.71 ± 5.72
PCT (ng/mL)	Control group	0.143 ± 0.2	0.895 ± 1.2	0.521 ± 1.19
	Probiotics group	0.216 ± 0.29	0.155 ± 0.26a	0.051 ± 0.07a

^aP < 0.05 in the comparison between the two groups.

CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell count; IL: Interleukin; PCT: Procalcitonin.