Prognostic prediction model of colorectal cancer based on preoperative serum tumor markers

Table 1 Baseline information between the development and validation cohorts, n (%)

Characteristics	Development (2473)	Validation (1056)	P value
Age, yr	63.1 ± 12.0	61.7 ± 12.3	0.002a
Sex			0.930
Male	1448 (58.4)	620 (59.1)
Female	1025 (41.6)	436 (40.9)
BMI, kg/m2	22.6 ± 3.2	22.8 ± 3.2	0.180
Smoking	942 (37.0)	395 (37.9)	0.700
Drinking	767 (30.8)	310 (29.8)	0.327
Hypertension	649 (25.1)	257 (25.4)	0.235
T2DM	311 (11.5)	123 (11.5)	0.442
CHD	98 (4.3)	52 (4.8)	0.195
Tumor location			0.217
Colon	1166 (47.3)	582 (46.9)
Rectum	1307 (52.7)	474 (53.1)
TNM stage			0.802
I	490 (18.9)	215 (18.4)
II	1067 (39.9)	443 (40.4)
III	916 (35.6)	398 (36.6)
Tumor size			0.705
< 5 cm	1442 (60.1)	623 (60.9)
≥ 5 cm	1031 (39.9)	433 (39.1)
CEA			0.053
Normal	1562 (63.2)	703 (66.6)
Abnormal	911 (36.8)	353 (33.4)
CA199			0.823
Normal	1973 (79.8)	839 (79.5)
Abnormal	500 (20.2)	217 (20.5)
AFP			0.105
Normal	2366 (95.7)	997 (94.4)
Abnormal	107 (4.3)	59 (5.6)
Surgical time, min	224.5 ± 78.3	224.6 ± 78.3	0.967

^aP < 0.05.

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; CHD: Chronic heart disease; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.