Near-infrared cholangiography with intragallbladder indocyanine green injection in minimally invasive cholecystectomy

Table 1 An overview of included studies

Ref.	Study type	Patients included	Surgery indication	Visualization of biliary structures (%)
				Hartmann’s pouch	Cystic duct	Common bile duct	Common hepatic duct	Critical junction of cystic duct-common bile duct
Liu et al[12], 2018	Prospective, cohort study	46	n = 21 symptomatic lithiasis; n=25 cholecystitis	-86.9% before dissection; -89.1% after dissection	-32.6% before dissection; -84.7% after dissection	-58.6% before dissection; -78.2% after dissection	-45.6% before dissection; -73.9% after dissection	Non stated
Graves et al[19], 2017	Prospective, cohort study	11	n = 8 biliary colic; n = 1 biliary dyskinesia; n = 2 acute cholecystitis	Non stated	0.909	Non stated	Non stated	0.909
Quaresima et al[20], 2020	Matched, case-control study	2 patients received intragallbladder ICG (42 received intravenous ICG administration and 44 patients underwent IOC)	Acute or chronic cholecystitis	Non stated1	-95.4% before dissection; -95.4% after dissection1	-90.1% before dissection; -97.7% after dissection1	-90.1% before dissection; -97.7% after dissection1	-79.5% before dissection; -97.7% after dissection1
Jao et al[16], 2020	Case reports	2	Acute cholecystitis	Non stated	1	1	Non stated	1
Gené Škrabec et al[18], 2020	Case-control study	20 patients received intragallbladder ICG (20 patients underwent standard LC under wight light)	Non stated	80%2	80%2	56%2	Non stated1	45%2
Cárdenas et al[17], 2021	Prospective, cohort study	23	Symptomatic cholelithiasis or acute cholecystitis	Non stated	-16.7% before dissection; -100.0% after dissection	-65.2% before dissection; -91.3% after dissection	-30.4% before dissection; -47.8% after dissection	Non stated
Shibata et al[21], 2021	Prospective, cohort study	12	Acute cholecystitis	Non stated	-16.7% before dissection; -100% after dissection	-58.3% before dissection; -100% after dissection	-58.3% before dissection; -100% after dissection	Non stated
Castagneto-Gissey et al[22], 2022	Case-control study	17 patients received intragallbladder ICG; and 18 patients intravenous ICG administration	n = 14 acute or chronic cholecystitis; n = 2 choledocholithiasis n = 1 adenomyomatosis	Intragallbladder ICG group
				Non stated	-76.5% before dissection; -88.2% after dissection	76.5%	5.9%	47.1%
				Intravenous ICG group
				Non stated	66.7% before dissection; -83.3% after dissection	77.8%	22.2%	61.1%

¹Rates of visualization refer to the total of 44 patients undergoing fluorescent cholangiography with intravenous or intragallbladder indocyanine green injection. Data regarding visualization of biliary structures with use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) are not provided due to the retrospective character of that group.

²Data regarding visualization of biliary structures with use of IOC are not provided due to the retrospective character of that group.

ICG: Indocyanine green; IOC: Intraoperative cholangiography; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.