Whole-process case management effects on mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer

Table 2 Comparison of anxiety and depression plus hope level between two groups (mean ± SD)

Item	Observation group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 30)	t/χ²	P value
HAMA
Pre-intervention	20.44 ± 6.57	19.83 ± 5.82	0.384	0.702
Post-intervention	8.15 ± 2.38a	10.09 ± 2.10a	3.359	0.001
HAMD
Pre-intervention	22.52 ± 6.63	22.98 ± 6.46	0.274	0.784
Post-intervention	9.45 ± 1.61a	11.93 ± 2.33a	4.776	< 0.001
HHI
Pre-intervention	20.98 ± 5.51	21.31 ± 6.01	0.225	0.822
Post-intervention	34.07 ± 5.40a	30.86 ± 5.39a	2.304	0.024

^aP < 0.05.

Note: Compared with pre-intervention. HAMA: Hamilton anxiety scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; HHI: Herth hope index.