Hemoglobin loss method calculates blood loss during pancreaticoduodenectomy and predicts bleeding-related risk factors

Table 1 Comparison of general patient characteristics between the open and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy groups

Characteristic	OPD group, n = 175	LPD group, n = 166	χ2/Z value	P value
Sex			3.224	0.073
Male	95 (54.3)	106 (63.9)
Female	80 (45.7)	60 (36.1)
Age in yr	60.0 (52.0, 65.0)	60.0 (52.0, 66.0)	-0.008	0.993
BMI in kg/m2	23.80 (21.30, 26.03)	23.65 (21.16, 25.85)	-0.556	0.578
History of abdominal surgery			0.025	0.874
none	154 (88)	147 (88.6)
Yes	21 (12)	19 (11.4)
History of diabetes			0.426	0.514
none	147 (84)	135 (81.3)
Yes	28 (16)	31 (18.7)
Preoperative CEA in ng/mL	3.11 (2.10, 4.96)	3.03 (1.77, 4.31)	-1.431	0.152
Preoperative alkaline phosphatase in U/L	302.0 (121.0, 496.0)	300.5 (112.3, 554.5)	-0.089	0.929
Preoperative glutamyl transpeptidase in U/L	323.0 (62.0, 855.0)	335.5 (44.8, 792.5)	-0.187	0.852
Preoperative Hb in g/L	127.0 (114.0, 137.0)	128.0 (114.0, 137.3)	-0.171	0.864
ASA classification			-1.277	0.202
I	2 (1.1)	1 (0.6)
II	129 (73.7)	113 (68.1)
III	42 (24.0)	51 (30.7)
IV	2 (1.1)	1 (0.6)
Preoperative total bilirubin > 200 μmol/L			0.000	0.984
No	139 (79.4)	132 (79.5)
Yes	36 (20.6)	34 (20.5)

Data are n (%) or M (IQR). ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; Hb: Hemoglobin; LPD: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPD: Open pancreaticoduodenectomy.