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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2024; 16(2): 357-381
Published online Feb 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.357
Published online Feb 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.357
Table 1 Comparison of clinical features between the training and validation sets in the overall survival group, n (%)
| Variable | Total (n = 1652) | Train set (n = 1156) | Valid set (n = 496) | Statistic | P value |
| Months from diagnosis to treatment, M (Q1, Q3) | 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) | Z = 1.394 | 0.252 |
| Tumor size | χ2 = 1.983 | 0.371 | |||
| ≤ 5 | 421 (25.48) | 302 (26.12) | 119 (23.99) | ||
| 5-10 | 1159 (70.16) | 800 (69.20) | 359 (72.38) | ||
| ≥ 10 | 72 (4.36) | 54 (4.67) | 18 (3.63) | ||
| Age | χ2 = 0.077 | 0.782 | |||
| < 60 | 505 (30.57) | 351 (30.36) | 154 (31.05) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 1147 (69.43) | 805 (69.64) | 342 (68.95) | ||
| Race | χ2 = 1.121 | 0.571 | |||
| Black | 190 (11.5) | 127 (10.99) | 63 (12.70) | ||
| Other | 199 (12.05) | 138 (11.94) | 61 (12.30) | ||
| White | 1263 (76.45) | 891 (77.08) | 372 (75.00) | ||
| Sex | χ2 = 1.552 | 0.213 | |||
| Female | 529 (32.02) | 381 (32.96) | 148 (29.84) | ||
| Male | 1123 (67.98) | 775 (67.04) | 348 (70.16) | ||
| Primary site | χ2 = 3.797 | 0.803 | |||
| Antrum | 165 (9.99) | 119 (10.29) | 46 (9.27) | ||
| Body | 116 (7.02) | 78 (6.75) | 38 (7.66) | ||
| Cardia | 713 (43.16) | 494 (42.73) | 219 (44.15) | ||
| Fundus | 91 (5.51) | 62 (5.36) | 29 (5.85) | ||
| Greater curvature | 48 (2.91) | 34 (2.94) | 14 (2.82) | ||
| Lesser curvature | 75 (4.54) | 48 (4.15) | 27 (5.44) | ||
| Others | 426 (25.79) | 309 (26.73) | 117 (23.59) | ||
| Pylorus | 18 (1.09) | 12 (1.04) | 6 (1.21) | ||
| Histologic | χ2 = 6.574 | 0.037a | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1039 (62.89) | 704 (60.90) | 335 (67.54) | ||
| Others | 372 (22.52) | 275 (23.79) | 97 (19.56) | ||
| Signet ring cell carcinoma | 241 (14.59) | 177 (15.31) | 64 (12.90) | ||
| Surgery | χ2 = 1.650 | 0.199 | |||
| No | 1579 (95.58) | 1100 (95.16) | 479 (96.57) | ||
| Yes | 73 (4.42) | 56 (4.84) | 17 (3.43) | ||
| Regional lymph node surgery | χ2 = 1.063 | 0.302 | |||
| No | 1568 (94.92) | 1093 (94.55) | 475 (95.77) | ||
| Yes | 84 (5.08) | 63 (5.45) | 21 (4.23) | ||
| Surgery other regional/distant | χ2 = 0.001 | 0.976 | |||
| No | 1575 (95.34) | 1102 (95.33) | 473 (95.36) | ||
| Yes | 77 (4.66) | 54 (4.67) | 23 (4.64) | ||
| Treatment sequence | - | 0.057 | |||
| No radiation and/or cancer-directed surgery | 1616 (97.82) | 1126 (97.40) | 490 (98.79) | ||
| Radiation after surgery | 24 (1.45) | 22 (1.90) | 2 (0.40) | ||
| Radiation before and after surgery | 1 (0.06) | 1 (0.09) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Radiation prior to surgery | 11 (0.67) | 7 (0.61) | 4 (0.81) | ||
| Radiation | χ2 = 0.380 | 0.537 | |||
| No | 1344 (81.36) | 936 (80.97) | 408 (82.26) | ||
| Yes | 308 (18.64) | 220 (19.03) | 88 (17.74) | ||
| Chemotherapy | χ2 = 0.601 | 0.438 | |||
| No | 740 (44.79) | 525 (45.42) | 215 (43.35) | ||
| Yes | 912 (55.21) | 631 (54.58) | 281 (56.65) | ||
| Nodes positive | χ2 = 5.288 | 0.021 | |||
| < 4 | 60 (3.63) | 50 (4.33) | 10 (2.02) | ||
| ≥ 4 | 1592 (96.37) | 1106 (95.67) | 486 (97.98) | ||
| Metastases at bone | χ2 = 2.578 | 0.108 | |||
| No | 1305 (79) | 901 (77.94) | 404 (81.45) | ||
| Yes | 347 (21) | 255 (22.06) | 92 (18.55) | ||
| Metastases at brain | χ2 = 3.751 | 0.053 | |||
| No | 1581 (95.7) | 1099 (95.07) | 482 (97.18) | ||
| Yes | 71 (4.3) | 57 (4.93) | 14 (2.82) | ||
| Metastases at liver | χ2 = 2.773 | 0.096 | |||
| No | 781 (47.28) | 562 (48.62) | 219 (44.15) | ||
| Yes | 871 (52.72) | 594 (51.38) | 277 (55.85) | ||
| Marital status at diagnosis | χ2 = 0.216 | 0.642 | |||
| 0 | 990 (59.93) | 697 (60.29) | 293 (59.07) | ||
| 1 | 662 (40.07) | 459 (39.71) | 203 (40.93) | ||
| T stage | χ2 = 3.078 | 0.688 | |||
| T0 | 10 (0.61) | 5 (0.43) | 5 (1.01) | ||
| T1 | 327 (19.79) | 227 (19.64) | 100 (20.16) | ||
| T2 | 62 (3.75) | 42 (3.63) | 20 (4.03) | ||
| T3 | 180 (10.9) | 132 (11.42) | 48 (9.68) | ||
| T4 | 285 (17.25) | 200 (17.30) | 85 (17.14) | ||
| TX | 788 (47.7) | 550 (47.58) | 238 (47.98) | ||
| N stage | χ2 = 0.708 | 0.950 | |||
| N0 | 588 (35.59) | 408 (35.29) | 180 (36.29) | ||
| N1 | 626 (37.89) | 440 (38.06) | 186 (37.50) | ||
| N2 | 59 (3.57) | 43 (3.72) | 16 (3.23) | ||
| N3 | 63 (3.81) | 46 (3.98) | 17 (3.43) | ||
| NX | 316 (19.13) | 219 (18.94) | 97 (19.56) |
- Citation: Chen ZR, Yang MF, Xie ZY, Wang PA, Zhang L, Huang ZH, Luo Y. Risk stratification in gastric cancer lung metastasis: Utilizing an overall survival nomogram and comparing it with previous staging. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16(2): 357-381
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v16/i2/357.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.357