Diagnostic value of digital continuous bowel sounds in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A prospective observational study

Table 2 Acute gastrointestinal injury and clinical variables

Variables	Non-AGI (n = 30)	AGI (n = 45)	t/Z	P value
Mean bowel sound rate (counts per minute)	4.343 ± 2.756	1.185 ± 1.441	-5.352	< 0.001b
Duration of bowel sounds (seconds)	1.579 ± 1.049	0.534 ± 0.919	-5.041	< 0.001b
Amplitude (dB)	0.121 ± 0.097	0.037 ± 0.076	-5.029	< 0.001b
Average frequency (Hz)	708.559± 219.649	355.458± 238.318	-5.094	< 0.001b
Interval time (seconds)	3.977 ± 1.410	2.098 ± 1.508	-4.448	<0.001b
Citrulline (μmol/L)	19.29 ± 1.46	18.47 ± 1.68	2.165	0.034a
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (ng/L)	467 ± 59	493 ± 60	-1.863	0.067
Gastrin (ng/L)	79.45 ± 12.16	74.95 ± 12.87	1.493	0.140
Motilin (ng/L)	215.20 ± 37.58	211.73 ± 38.27	0.382	0.703
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, points	6 ± 3	9 ± 5	-2.596	0.009b
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, points	17 ± 6	22 ± 9	-2.430	0.018a
Hemoglobin (g/L)	98 ± 26	96 ± 21	0.418	0.678
Platelets (109/L)	161 ± 104	122 ± 89	-1.553	0.120
white blood cell (109/L)	8.45 ± 3.36	10.08 ± 4.41	-1.462	0.144
Neutrophil count (109/L)	7.32 ± 3.09	8.82 ± 436	-1.697	0.094
Percentage of central granulocyte count	84.9 ± 7.9	88.6 ± 6.7	-1.430	0.153
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	99.3 ± 72.7	104.4 ± 80.2	-0.159	0.874
procalcitonin (ng/mL)	3.768 ± 7.037	7.250 ± 12.337	-1.187	0.235
Interleukin 6 (ng/mL)	103.688 ± 256.797	166.78 ± 322.69	-2.262	0.024a
Total protein (g/L)	52.0 ± 6.7	49.8 ± 6.3	1.421	0.160
Albumin (g/L)	28.6 ± 3.6	27.7 ± 4.2	0.905	0.369
Creatinine (µmol/L)	115 ± 108	109 ± 82	-0.108	0.914
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	11.25 ± 6.00	11.96 ± 8.16	-0.132	0.895
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	140.28 ± 5.17	138.94 ± 4.90	-1.070	0.284
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.09 ± 0.52	4.03 ± 0.42	0.509	0.613
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.07 ± 0.17	2.02 ± 0.15	1.397	0.167
Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)	0.94 ± 0.32	0.96 ± 0.43	-0.053	0.958
Arterial blood gas potential of hydrogen	7.457 ± 0.060	7.422 ± 0.074	2.158	0.034a
Partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg)	106.4 ± 37.8	105.5 ± 34.9	-0.024	0.981
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg)	36.8 ± 8.9	38.0 ± 8.1	-0.591	0.556
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	26.4 ± 5.6	24.6 ± 4.3	1.564	0.122
Lactic acid (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 1.0	-1.308	0.191
Serum magnesium (mmol/L)	0.95 ± 0.13	0.94 ± 0.13	0.186	0.853
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.52 ± 4.25	23.19 ± 5.01	-0.552	0.583
Age (years)	59 ± 16	62 ± 19	-1.098	0.272
Duration of mechanical ventilation (days)	7 ± 16	8 ± 11	-1.054	0.292
Intensive care unit length of stay (days)	16 ± 16	13 ± 12	-0.774	0.439
Hospital length of stay (days)	19 ± 17	20 ± 16	-0.292	0.770

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. t/Z value is the test statistic, P value is the comparison between the non-acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) and AGI groups. AGI: Acute gastrointestinal injury.