Diagnostic value of digital continuous bowel sounds in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A prospective observational study

Table 1 Admission characteristics and observation results, n (%)

Characteristics	Total, n = 75
Male sex	51 (68.0)
Age (years)	64 (51, 74)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.9 (19.3, 26.1)
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, points	19 (15, 24)
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, points	8 (5, 10)
Main reason for admission to ICU
Respiratory system (severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, immunosuppressive host pneumonia)	45 (60.0)
Cardiovascular circulation (pulmonary embolism, shock, heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation)	22 (29.3)
Urinary system (acute kidney injury)	14 (18.7)
Sepsis/septic shock	31 (41.3)
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	17 (22.7)
Postoperative care	14 (18.7)
Post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation	5 (6.7)
Trauma/multiple injuries	5 (6.7)
Severe acute pancreatitis	4 (5.3)
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome	4 (5.3)
Others (immune checkpoint inhibitor-related damage, Japanese encephalitis, refeeding syndrome)	3 (4.0)
Operation
Gastrointestinal surgery	7 (9.3)
Non-gastrointestinal surgery	11 (14.7)
Non-operative medical treatment	57 (76.0)
Nutrition
Enteral nutrition	30 (40.0)
Parenteral nutrition	18 (24.0)
Enteral and parenteral nutrition	3 (0.04)
Life support
Vasoactive drugs	36 (48.0)
Invasive mechanical ventilation	36 (48.0)
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation	16 (21.3)
Outcome
Duration of mechanical ventilation (days)	4 (0, 9)
ICU length of stay (days)	10 (6, 17)
Hospital length of stay (days)	16 (8, 26)
28-day mortality	25 (0.33)

Data are expressed as n (%) or median (25^th percentile; 75^th percentile) unless stated differently. ICU: Intensive care unit.