Factors influencing agitation during anesthesia recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair under total inhalation combined with caudal block anesthesia

Table 2 Comparison of patient characteristics between the two groups

	EA (n = 72)	Non-EA (n = 228)	χ2/Z	P value
Gender
Male/female	45/27	89/139	12.190	< 0.001
Age (year)	38 (36, 40)	39 (34, 43)	-1.413	0.158
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.43 (22.01, 25.03)	23.36 (21.84, 25.19)	-0.372	0.710
Hypertension	11 (15.28)	54 (23.68)	2.278	0.131
Diabetes	13 (18.06)	58 (25.44)	1.651	0.199
Smoking	27 (37.50)	60 (26.32)	3.324	0.068
ASA classification
I	11 (15.28)	71 (31.14)	-3.068	0.002
II	52 (72.22)	145 (63.60)
III	9 (12.50)	12 (5.26)
Preoperative anxiety	59 (81.94)	81 (35.53)	47.371	< 0.001
Preoperative fasting duration (hours)
Solid food	7.45 (6.95, 7.80)	6.90 (6.60, 7.20)	-7.045	< 0.001
Clear liquid food	3.30 (2.93, 3.50)	2.85 (2.60, 3.20)	-5.709	< 0.001
Intraoperative hypothermia	35 (48.61)	63 (27.63)	10.950	0.001
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	11 (10, 12)	11 (9, 12)	-0.128	0.898
Operation time (minutes)	41.00 (37.00, 44.00)	40.00 (36.00, 44.75)	-0.525	0.600
Indwelling catheter	44 (61.11)	82 (35.96)	14.204	< 0.001
Pain degree during recovery	6 (6, 7)	5 (4, 6)	-7.901	< 0.001

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; EA: Emergence agitation.