Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2024; 16(11): 3484-3498
Published online Nov 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i11.3484
Table 2 Characteristics of patients in the training, internal validation and external validation groups, n (%)
Variable
Overall (N = 120)
Training (N = 84)
Validation (N = 36)
P value
Age (years) 0.291
    ≥ 7040 (33.3) 25 (29.8) 15 (41.7)
    < 7080 (66.7) 59 (70.2) 21 (58.3)
Gender0.291
    Male80 (66.7) 59 (70.2) 21 (58.3)
    Female40 (33.3) 25 (29.8) 15 (41.7)
BMI (kg/m2)0.768
    < 18.516 (13.3) 10 (16.7) 6 (8.3)
    > 18.8 < 2582 (68.3) 58 (18.1) 24 (18.8)
    > 2522 (18.4) 16 (65.3) 6 (72.9)
Smoking0.078
    Yes46 (38.3) 37 (40.0) 9 (25)
    No74 (61.7) 47 (60.0) 27 (75)
Drinking0.345
    Yes21 (17.5) 17 (20.2) 4 (11.1)
    No99 (82.5) 67 (79.8) 32 (88.9)
Hypertension0.05
    Yes33 (27.5) 28 (33.3) 5 (13.9)
    No87 (72.5) 56 (66.7) 31 (86.1)
Diabetes0.581
    Yes11 (9.2) 9 (10.7) 2 (5.6)
    No109 (90.8) 75 (89.3) 34 (94.4)
Previous abdominal surgery0.885
    Yes26 (21.7) 19 (22.6) 7 (19.4)
    No94 (78.3) 65 (77.4) 29 (80.6)
Anemia1
    Yes44 (36.7) 31 (36.9) 13 (36.1)
    No76 (63.3) 53 (63.1) 23 (63.9)
Hypoproteinemia0.135
    Yes22 (18.3) 12 (14.3) 10 (16.8)
    No98 (81.7) 72 (85.7) 26 (72.2)
Preoperative potassium1
    Normal108 (90.0) 76 (90.5) 32 (88.9)
    Abnormal 12 (10.0) 8 (9.5) 4 (11.1)
Emergency surgery0.444
    Yes3 (2.5) 1 (1.2) 2 (5.6)
    No117 (97.5) 83 (98.8) 34 (94.4)
Preoperative bowel preparation0.784
    Yes114 (95.0) 79 (94.0) 35 (97.2)
    No6 (5.0) 5 (6.0) 1 (2.8)
Tumor size (cm) 0.693
    < 576 (63.3) 52 (61.9) 24 (66.7)
    ≥ 5 < 1036 (30.0) 27 (32.1) 9 (25.0)
    ≥ 108 (6.7) 5 (6.0) 3 (8.3)
Tumor site0.627
    Cardiac21 (17.5) 13 (15.5) 8 (22.2)
    Body63 (52.5) 46 (54.8) 17 (47.2)
    Antrum36 (30.0) 25 (29.8) 11 (30.6)
Stage cTNM0.537
    017 (14.2) 11 (13.1) 6 (16.7)
    I20 (16.7) 13 (15.5) 7 (19.4)
    II32 (26.7) 25 (29.8) 7 (19.4)
    III43 (35.8) 28 (33.3) 15 (41.7)
    IV8 (6.7) 7 (8.3) 1 (2.8)
Surgical method0.858
    Open33 (27.5) 24 (28.6) 9 (25)
    Laparoscope87 (72.5) 60 (71.4) 27 (75)
Range_of_excision0.427
    Distal21 (17.5) 17 (20.2) 4 (11.1)
    Proximal53 (44.2) 37 (44.0) 16 (44.4)
    Total46 (38.3) 30 (35.7) 16 (44.4)
Operation time (min)1
    < 27563 (52.5) 44 (52.4) 19 (52.8)
    ≥ 27557 (47.5) 40 (47.6) 17 (47.2)
Anesthesia time (min) 0.803
    < 36543 (35.8) 29 (34.5) 14 (38.9)
    ≥ 36577 (64.2) 55 (65.5) 22 (61.1)
RTBS (h) 0.144
    < 1592 (76.7) 68 (81.0) 24 (66.7)
    ≥ 1528 (23.3) 16 (19.0) 12 (33.3)
NBS (cpm) 1
    ≥ 2.43648 (40.0) 34 (40.5) 14 (38.9)
    < 2.43672 (60.0) 50 (59.5) 22 (61.1)
BSVA (dB) 0.964
    < 44.79388 (73.3) 61 (72.6) 27 (75.0)
    ≥ 44.79332 (26.7) 23 (27.4) 9 (25.0)
FBS (Hz) 1
    < 461.56036 (30.0) 25 (29.8) 11 (30.6)
    ≥ 461.56084 (70.0) 59 (70.2) 25 (69.4)