Predicting prolonged postoperative ileus in gastric cancer patients based on bowel sounds using intelligent auscultation and machine learning

Table 1 Analysis of data related to gastric cancer patients, n (%)

Characteristics	Total (n = 120)	Characteristics	Total (n = 120)
Age (years)	64 (54.25, 71)	Surgical method
		Open	33 (27.5)
		Laparoscope	87 (72.5)
Gender		Range of excision
Male		Distal	53 (44.2)
Female	80 (66.7)	Proximal	21 (17.5)
		Total	46 (38.3)
	40 (33.3)
BMI (kg/m2)	22.79 (20.22, 20.38)	Operation time (min)	280 (225, 339)
Diabetes		Anesthesia duration (min)	325 (271.25, 390)
Yes	11 (9.2)
No	109 (90.8)
Anemia		RTBS (h)	20.4 (15.2, 25.775)
Yes	44 (36.7)
No	76 (63.3)
Hypoproteinemia		NBS (cpm)	1.95 (0.89, 3.06)
Yes	22 (18.3)
No	98 (81.7)
Tumor site		BSVA (dB)	47.179 (44.75, 49.28)
Cardiac	21 (17.5)
Body	63 (52.5)
Antrum	36 (30.0)
	4
Tumor size	(3.00, 5.00)	FBS (Hz)	424.32 (383.45, 485.76)
Stage cTNM
0	17 (14.2)
I	20 (16.7)
II	32 (26.7)
III	41 (34.2)
IV	8 (3.3)

Number of bowel sounds: The number of bowel sounds per minute, measured in counts per minute (CPM). Bowel sound vibration amplitude: The intensity of the bowel sound in the time or frequency domain, measured in decibels (dB). Frequency of bowel sounds: The significant frequency component of the bowel sound, representing the frequency band where the bowel sound energy is concentrated, measured in hertz (Hz). Recovery time of bowel sounds: The first postoperative occurrence of bowel sounds is defined as the first instance when the bowel rate exceeds 1 CPM. NBS: Number of bowel sounds; BSVA: Bowel sound vibration amplitude; FBS: Frequency of bowel sounds; RTBS: Recovery time of bowel sounds; BMI: Body mass index.