Postoperative serum tumor markers-based nomogram predicting early recurrence for patients undergoing radical resections of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of the risk factor of early recurrence (without postoperative serum tumor markers)

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Operation types (PD/TP)1	1.445 (0.987-2.115)	0.057
Age (> 63)	1.093 (0.836-1.428)	0.513
Gender (male)	0.920 (0.706-1.200)	0.543
Smoking	0.761 (0.511-1.133)	0.179
Drinking	0.713 (0.421-1.207)	0.209
DM	1.004 (0.765-1.318)	0.974
Jaundice	0.994 (0.736-1.342)	0.971
Tumor_sites2	1.185 (0.769-1.826)	0.440
Tumor_size (> 3.5 cm)	1.431 (1.097-1.866)	0.008
Poor_differentiation	1.380 (1.056-1.804)	0.018
Perineural_invasion	1.970 (1.364-2.845)	< 0.001	2.001 (1.345-2.975)	< 0.001
PV_invasion	1.510 (1.156-1.971)	0.002
Lymphnode_metastasis	1.551 (1.183-2.035)	0.001
pTNM_stage (stage III)	1.728 (1.321-2.259)	< 0.001	1.595 (1.210-2.103)	< 0.001
Pre_CA19-9 (> 161.50 U/mL)	1.557 (1.189-2.038)	0.001	1.350 (1.025-1.779)	0.032
Pre_CEA (> 4.10 ng/mL)	1.461 (1.096-1.948)	0.009
Pre_CA125 (> 13.80 U/mL)	1.882 (1.431-2.475)	< 0.001	1.824 (1.378-2.415)	< 0.001

¹Pancreaticoduodenectomy and total pancreatectomy.

²Head and neck of pancreas.

PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.