Post-operative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection for gallbladder cancer: A national surgical quality improvement program analysis

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hepatectomy targeted dataset diagnosed gallbladder cancer, 2015-2019, n (%)

Characteristic	No neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 400)	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 52)	P value
Sex			0.72
Female	267 (59.1)	36 (8.0)
Male	133 (29.4)	16 (3.5)
Race			0.70
White	241 (53.3)	35 (7.7)
Black or African American	38 (8.4)	4 (0.9)
Asian	30 (6.6)	5 (1.1)
Other	2 (0.5)	0 (0)
Unknown/Not reported	89 (19.7)	8 (1.8)
Ethnicity			0.19
Not Hispanic	293 (64.8)	41 (9.1)
Hispanic	39 (8.6)	7 (1.6)
Unknown/not reported	68 (15.0)	4 (0.9)
Diabetes	93 (20.6)	8 (1.8)	0.20
History of smoking	43 (9.5)	3 (0.7)	0.26
Dyspnea	19 (4.2)	2 (0.4)	1.00
History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	19(4.2)	2 (0.4)	1.00
History of congestive heart failure	3 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	1.00
Hypertension requiring medication	238 (52.7)	24 (5.3)	0.07
Steroid use for chronic condition	9 (2.0)	2 (0.4)	0.37
> 10% loss body weight in last 6 mo	19 (4.2)	5 (1.1)	0.18
Biliary stent (Yes)	46 (10.3)	6 (1.3)	0.97
T (tumor) stage			0.91
T0 & T1	43 (9.5)	6 (1.3)
T2	140 (31.0)	17 (3.8)
T3 & T4	136 (30.1)	21 (4.7)
Tx & Unknown	68 (15.0)	7 (1.5)
N/A	13 (2.9)	1 (0.2)
N (node) stage			0.24
N0	147 (32.5)	14 (3.1)
N1 & N2	122 (27.0)	23 (5.1)
Nx & unknown	115 (25.5)	14 (3.1)
N/A	16 (3.5)	1 (0.2)
M (metastasis) stage			0.61
M0/Mx	224 (50.0)	34 (7.5)
M1	21 (4.6)	3 (0.7)
Unknown	95 (21.0)	9 (2.0)
N/A	60 (13.3)	6 (1.3)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Age	67.0 (10.6)	64.6 (9.1)	0.07
Pre-operative serum albumin	3.9 (0.6)	3.9 (0.5)	0.65
Pre-operative total bilirubin	0.8 (1.2)	0.4 (0.2)	< 0.01
Pre-operative BUN	15.0 (6.0)	16.1 (6.8)	0.33
Pre-operative serum creatinine	0.9 (0.3)	0.9 (0.3)	0.45
Pre-operative INR	1.0 (0.1)	1.0 (0.1)	0.66

P values are the result of Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. INR: International normalized ratio of prothrombin time; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; N/A: Note available.