Risk factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after surgical treatment and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid intervention

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variable		Total (n = 100)	Control (n = 47)	UDCA (n = 53)
Age (yr), median (P25, P75)		53.00 (48, 60)	51 (47, 60)	54 (48.5, 60)
Gender, n (%)	Male	44 (44)	21 (44.68)	23 (23.40)
	Female	56 (56)	26 (55.32)	30 (56.60)
Jaundice, n (%)	Yes	27 (27)	12 (25.53)	15 (28.30)
	No	73 (73)	35 (74.47)	38 (71.70)
Hypertension, n (%)	Yes	25 (25)	12 (25.53)	14 (26.42)
	No	75 (75)	35 (74.47)	39 (73.58)
Diabetes, n (%)	Yes	32 (32)	14 (29.79)	18 (33.96)
	No	68 (68)	33 (70.21)	35 (66.04)
History of biliary tract surgery, n (%)	Yes	14 (14)	6 (12.77)	8 (15.09)
	No	86 (86)	41 (87.23)	45 (84.91)
Parapillary diverticulum, n (%)	Yes	36 (36)	23 (48.94)	13 (24.53)
	No	64 (64)	24 (51.06)	40 (75.47)
No. of stones, n (%)	≤ 3	49 (49)	25 (53.19)	24 (45.28)
	> 3	51 (51)	22 (46.81)	29 (54.72)
Bile culture positive, n (%)		37 (37)	20 (42.55)	17 (32.08)
Common bile duct diameter (mm), median (P25, P75)		14.00 (13.00, 16.00)	15.0 (13.0, 16.0)	14.0 (12.0, 16.0)
Maximum stone diameter (mm), median (P25, P75)		13.00 (12.00, 15.00)	13.0 (12.0, 15.0)	13.0 (11.5, 14.5)
ERCP time (min), median (P25, P75)		64.00 (61.00, 68.00)	63 (61, 67)	64 (61, 71)
WBC (109/L, mean ± SD)		6.60 ± 0.96	6.24 ± 1.24	6.60 ± 0.97
PCT (ng/mL), median (P25, P75)		0.18 (0.12, 0.27)	0.17 (0.12, 0.25)	0.18 (0.13, 0.28)

UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; ERCP: Endoscopic retro-grade cholangiopancreatography; WBC: White blood cell; PCT: Procalcitonin.