Changing trends in gastric and colorectal cancer among surgical patients over 85 years old: A multicenter retrospective study, 2001–2021

Table 3 Changes in postoperative complications, n (%)

	Period 1 (n = 56)	Period 2 (n = 87)	Period 3 (n = 194)	Period 4 (n = 444)	P value1
Postoperative complications	56 (100)	80 (91.95)	182 (93.81)	373 (84.01)	< 0.01
Pulmonary	9 (16.07)	28 (35.00)	73 (40.12)	182 (48.79)
complications
Pleural effusion	9 (16.07)	8 (10.00)	25 (13.74)	39 (10.46)
Intra-abdominal infection	6 (10.71)	6 (7.50)	17 (9.34)	30 (8.04)
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	6 (10.71)	4 (5.00)	11 (6.04)	21 (5.64)
Leakage	15 (26.79)	16 (20.00)	28 (15.38)	35 (9.38)
Wound infection	8 (14.30)	9 (11.25)	13 (7.14)	33 (8.845)
Others2	3 (5.35)	9 (11.25)	15 (8.24)	33 (8.845)
Operative mortality3	18 (32.14)	17 (19.54)	29 (14.95)	40 (9.01)	< 0.01

¹Comparisons were performed with χ² test for categorical variables.

²Others include chest hemorrhage, pancreatitis, cardiocerebral events, venous thrombosis and someone who has multiple complications at the same time.

³Operative mortality was any death, regardless of cause, occurring less than 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital and more than 30 days, during the same hospitalization, after the operation.