Initial suction drainage decreases severe postoperative complications after pancreatic trauma: A cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients before and after matching

Characteristics	Before matching				After matching
	PG (n = 146)	NPI (n = 50)	P value		PG (n = 44)	NPI (n = 44)		P value
Male sex, n (%)	137 (93.8)	43 (86.0)	0.148	41 (93.2)			39 (88.6)	0.518
Age, median (IQR)	40 (30.75-48.25)	44.5 (26.25-52.25)	0.058	39 (30.25-47.00)			44.5 (27-51)	0.843
BMI, mean ± SD	23.04 (3.68)	23.46 (3.62)	0.477	23.59 (4.48)			23.36 (3.57)	0.787
Blunt injury, n (%)	137 (93.8)	48 (96.0)	0.733	42 (95.5)			42 (95.5)	1.000
ISS, median (IQR)	17 (9-21)	16 (9-20)	0.183	16 (9-20)			16 (9-20)	0.936
Abdominal AIS, median (IQR)	3 (3-4)	3 (3-4)	0.146	3 (3-4)			3 (3-4)	0.985
Pancreatic injury grade, n (%)			0.090					0.829
Ⅰ + Ⅱ	45 (30.8)	22 (44.0)		19 (43.2)			18 (40.9)
Ⅲ + Ⅳ + Ⅴ	101 (69.2)	28 (56.0)		25 (56.8)			26 (59.1)
Isolated pancreatic injury, n (%)			0.489					1.000
No	123 (84.2)	40 (80.0)		35 (79.5)			35 (79.5)
Yes	23 (15.8)	10 (20.0)		9 (20.5)			9 (20.5)
Duodenum injury, n (%)			0.043					1.000
No	116 (79.5)	46 (92.0)		39 (88.6)			40 (90.9)
Yes	30 (20.5)	4 (8.0)		5 (11.4)			4 (9.1)
Vascular injury, n (%)			0.032					0.787
No	127 (87.0)	37 (74.0)		35 (79.5)			36 (81.8)
Yes	19 (13.0)	13 (26.0)		9 (20.5)			8 (18.2)
Parenchyma organ injury, n (%)			0.242					0.831
No	62 (42.5)	26 (52.0)		22 (50.0)			23 (52.3)
Yes	84 (57.5)	24 (48.0)		22 (50.0)			21 (47.7)
Hollow organ injury, n (%)			0.144					1.000
No	53 (36.3)	24 (48.0)		20 (45.5)			20 (45.5)
Yes	93 (63.7)	26 (52.0)		24 (54.5)			24 (54.5)
Shock on admission, n (%)			0.597					0.777
No	127 (87.0)	42 (84.0)		36 (81.8)			37 (84.1)
Yes	19 (13.0)	8 (16.0)		8 (18.2)			7 (15.9)
Number of abdominal organ injuries, n (%)			0.093					0.631
2	49 (33.6)	22 (44.0)		18 (40.9)			20 (45.4)
≥ 3	74 (50.7)	18 (36.0)		17 (38.6)			15 (34.1)
Time to operation, n (%)			0.001					1.000
< 24 h	116 (79.5)	27 (54.0)		27 (61.4)			27 (61.4)
≥ 24 h	30 (20.5)	23 (46.0)		17 (38.6)			17 (38.6)

PG: Passive gravity; NPI: Negative pressure irrigation; IQR: Inter-quartile range; BMI: Body mass index; SD: Standard deviation; ISS: Injury severity score; AIS: Abbreviated injury scale.