Goldilocks principle of minimally invasive surgery for gastric subepithelial tumors

Table 4 Malignant pathology and clinical outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic surgery

	ESD with/without backup surgery (n = 100)	Laparoscopic surgery (n = 94)	P value
Malignant pathology in the group, n (%)	45 (45)	80 (85.1)	< 0.001a
Malignant pathology
GIST, n (%)	43 (43)	78 (83.1)	< 0.001a
High risk	0 (0)	11 (14.1)	0.001a
Intermediate risk	5 (11.6)	20 (25.6)	0.002a
Low risk	12 (27.9)	36 (46.2)	< 0.001a
Very low risk	26 (60.5)	11 (14.1)	0.019a
Neuroendocrine tumor, n (%)	1 (1)	1 (1)	1.000
Lipoleiomyosarcoma, n (%)	0	1 (1)	0.485
Recurrence, n (%)	0	6 (6.4)	0.012a
Disease related mortality, n (%)	0	2 (2.1)	0.233

^aP < 0.05.

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.