Vascular complications of chronic pancreatitis and its management

Table 1 Frequency and risk factors of vascular complications in patients with chronic pancreatitis in different studies

Ref.	Number of patients (vascular complications/total CP patients)	Vascular complications	Risk factors
Udd et al[81], 2007	33/745 (4.4%)	PsA: 33 (4.4%)	-
Agarwal et al[20], 2008	34/157 (21.6%)	Splenic vein thrombosis: 34 (21.6%)	Pseudocyst (OR = 4.01)
Pandey et al[23], 2019	37/187 (19.7%)	Splenic vein thrombosis: 37 (19.7%)	Smoking (OR = 3.021). Pseudocyst (OR = 3.743)
Anand et al[21], 2020	166/1363 (12.2%)	Venous thrombosis: 132 (9.6%). PsA: 17/166 (1.24%). Both: 17 (1.24%)	Venous thrombosis: Alcohol (OR = 2.1); pseudocyst (OR = 4.6); inflammatory head mass (OR = 3.1). Pseudoaneurysms: Alcohol (OR = 3.49); pseudocyst (OR = 3.2)
Ru et al[22], 2020	89/3358 (2.6%)	Splenic vein thrombosis: 89 (2.6%)	Alcohol (OR = 1.28). History of AP (OR = 2.56). Diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.82). Pseudocyst (OR = 8.54)
Vujasinovic et al[17], 2021	33/394 (8.37%)	Venous thrombosis: 30 (7.6%). PsA: 3 (0.8%)	Alcohol (HR = 3.56). Pseudocyst (HR = 8.66)

AP: Acute pancreatitis; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; CP: Chronic pancreatitis; PsA: Pseudoaneurysm.