Differences in metabolic improvement after metabolic surgery are linked to the gut microbiota in non-obese diabetic rats

Figure 5 Gastrointestinal hormone levels in rats at 6 wk postoperatively. A: Serum insulin at 6 wk postoperatively; B: Serum GLP-1 in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; C: Serum PYY in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; D: Serum ghrelin in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; E: Serum leptin in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; F: Serum FGF21 in rats at 6 wk postoperatively. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test or two-way analysis of variance, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. DSIB: Distal small bowel bypass; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy.