Differences in metabolic improvement after metabolic surgery are linked to the gut microbiota in non-obese diabetic rats

Figure 4 Serum bile acids and lipid metabolism in postoperative rats. A: Serum total bile acids at 6 wk postoperatively; B: Serum total bilirubin in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; C: Serum direct bilirubin in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; D: Serum total cholesterol in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; E: Serum total triglyceride in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; F: Serum high-density lipoprotein in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; G: Serum low-density lipoprotein in rats at 6 wk postoperatively; H: Serum non-high-density lipoprotein in rats at 6 wk postoperatively. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test or two-way analysis of variance. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. TBA: Total bile acids; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; CHOL: Total cholesterol; TG: Total triglyceride; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NHDL: Nonhigh-density lipoprotein; DSIB: Distal small bowel bypass; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy.