Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy from multi-port to reduced-port surgery approach

Table 4 Average of the means and average of the standard deviations for age, body mass index, operating time, blood loss, tumor size, spleen preservation rate, complication rate, hospital stay, and follow-up duration for multi-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, reduced-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, and robotic distal pancreatectomy with single-site plus one-port

Type		MP_LDP	RP_LDP	RDP_SS+1
Age		51.5 ± 14.3	51.4 ± 15.3	43.5 ± 14.2
BMI		26.2 ± 3.9	24.7 ± 3.7	21.8 ± 4
Operation time (min)		168 ± 62.7	211.9 ± 54.2	189.3 ± 70.1
Blood loss (mL)		234.2 ± 389.9	146.9 ± 165.1	24.3 ± 22
Tumor size (cm)		3.2 ± 2	3.2 ± 1.7	2.9 ± 1.2
Spleen preservation rate (%)		55.6 ± 7.3	48 ± 34	27.4 ± 17.3
Complication rate (%)	POPF	23.4 ± 4.5	27.4 ± 18.4	7.7 ± 13.3
	Others	23.0 ± 14.1	24.8 ± 18.5	21.2 ± 24.5
Hospital stay (d)		9.8 ± 7.4	10 ± 8.2	7.1 ± 1.8
Follow-up duration (mo)		37.8 ± 22.3	23.7 ± 17.3	7.8 ± 7.1

MP_LDP: Multi-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy; RP_LDP: Reduced-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy; RDP_SS+1: Robotic distal pancreatectomy with single-site plus one-port; BMI: Body mass index; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.