Combined and intraoperative risk modelling for oesophagectomy: A systematic review

Table 2 Validation studies of combined and intraoperative models

Ref.	Period + number	Sample region	Operation	Characteristics	Source of data	Models tested	Outcomes tested
Zafirellis et al[36], 2002	1990-1999 (204)	United Kingdom	TT/TH	N: 39/204; H: 156AC/45SCC	Single centre	POSSUM	Major morbidity + Mortality
Lai et al[37], 2007	2001-2005 (545)	China	TT	N: N/A; H: 545SCC/0AC	Hong Kong (All)	POSSUM; O-POSSUM; P-POSSUM	Mortality
Lagarde et al[38], 2007	1993-2005 (663)	Netherlands	TT/TH	N: N/A; H: 476AC/187SCC	Single centre	O-POSSUM	Mortality
Baba et al[39], 2008	2000-2007 (142)	Japan	TT	N: 15/142; H: 142SCC/0AC	Single centre	E-PASS	Morbidity
Bosch et al[33], 2011	1991-2007 (278)	Netherlands	TT	N: 10/278; H: 235AC/43SCC	Single centre	ACCI; CCI; O-POSSUM; P-POSSUM	Mortality
Yoshida et al[40], 2013	2005-2012 (308)	Japan	TT	N: N/A; H: N/A	Single centre	E-PASS	Morbidity
Filip et al[34], 2014	2004-2013 (43)	Romania	TT/TH	N: 22/43; H: 33SCC/9AC	Single centre	ACCI; CCI; POSSUM; O-POSSUM; P-POSSUM	Mortality
Filip et al[32], 2015	2008-2012 (167)	Italy	TT/TH/MIE	N: 131/167; H: 105 AC/62SCC	Single centre	PNI-multivariate PNI; CCI; ACCI; O-POSSUM; P-POSSUM; Amsterdam score	Morbidity
Yamana et al[35], 2015	2005-2013 (251)	Japan	TT/MIE	N: 150/251; H: N/A	Single centre	GNRI; PNI; E-PASS; POSSUM	Respiratory complications
Xing et al[41], 2016	2008-2010 (189)	China	TT/TH	N: 7/189; H: 141SCC/45AC	Single centre	E-SAS	Major morbidity
Eto et al[42], 2016	2007-2015 (399)	Japan	Hybrid	N: 176/399; H: N/A	Single centre	SAS	Major morbidity
Nakagawa et al[43], 2017	2007-2017 (379)	Japan	TT/Hybrid/MIE	N: 129/379; H: 367SCC/12AC	Single centre	SAS	Major morbidity
Aoki et al[44], 2019	2011-2015 (246)	Japan	TT/Hybrid/MIE	N: 152/246; H: N/A	Single centre	E-SAS; Modified E-SAS	Major morbidity
Hayashi et al[45], 2019	2012-2016 (190)	Japan	TT	N: 115/190; H: N/A	Single centre	SAS	Major morbidity

TT: Transthoracic; TH: Transhiatal; MIE: Minimally invasive esophagectomy; N: Neoadjuvant status; H: Histopathology; N/A: Not applicable; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; AC: Adenocarcinoma; eSAS: Esophagectomy surgical Apgar score; SAS: Surgical Apgar score; IPF: Intraoperative factors; POSSUM: Physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity; P-POSSUM: Portsmouth physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity; O-POSSUM: Oesophagogastric physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity; E-PASS: Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress; ACCI: Age adjusted charlson comorbidity index; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; GNRI: Geriatric nutritional risk index.