Impact of perioperative blood transfusion on oncological outcomes in ampullary carcinoma patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of overall survival in ampullary carcinoma patients

Characteristic	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Perioperative blood transfusion
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.937 (0.626-1.339)	0.723	0.975 (0.676-1.405)	0.891
RBC units
0	Reference
1-4 units	0.924 (0.643-1.329)	0.671
≥ 5 units	1.139 (0.455-2.851)	0.781
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.868 (0.606-1.244)	0.441
Age (yr)
≤ 60	Reference		Reference
> 60	0.535 (0.371-0.774)	0.001	1.541 (0.698-3.400)	0.284
Operation time
≤ 6 h	Reference
> 6 h	1.260 (0.840-1.892)	0.264
Tumor size (cm)
≤ 2.0 cm	Reference		Reference
> 2.0 cm	1.337 (0.939-1.903)	0.107	1.105 (0.756-1.614)	0.608
Differentiation
Well	Reference		Reference
Moderate	0.895 (0.603-1.330)	0.584	0.969 (0.637-1.474)	0.883
Poor	0.593 (0.360-0.977)	0.040	0.967 (0.529-1.766)	0.913
T stage
T1	Reference		Reference
T2	1.407 (0.770-2.569)	0.267	1.282 (0.660-2.491)	0.463
T3	2.796 (1.564-4.997)	0.001	3.024 (1.245-7.341)	0.014
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1	1.986 (1.336-2.953)	0.001	2.072 (1.240-3.465)	0.021
N2	2.119 (0.977-4.595)	0.057	1.988 (0.820-4.817)	0.128
Blood vessel invasion
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.616 (0.054-2.478)	0.028	1.087 (0.669-1.766)	0.737
Postoperative complications
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.358 (0.950-1.943)	0.093	1.345 (0.930-1.946)	0.116
Adjuvant treatment
No	Reference
Yes	1.056 (0.702-1.588)	0.794