Tumor budding in gastric cancer

Figure 2 Application prospects and challenges of tumor budding in gastric cancer. Tumor budding (TB) could potentially be considered relevant in the selection of patients for neoadjuvant therapy, management of early gastric cancer (GC) following endoscopic resection, therapy response prediction, and decision-making after radical gastrectomy. However, before its routine clinical application, several challenges need to be overcome: Standardization of the definition and assessment of peritumoral and intratumoral TB in GC according to subtypes. This figure was created with BioRender.com. GC: Gastric cancer; TB: Tumor budding.