External use of mirabilite to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in children: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline and procedure characteristics of patients in each group

	External use of mirabilite group (n = 117)	Blank group (n = 117)	P value
Female, n (%)	71 (60.7)	60 (51.3)	0.147
BMI, kg/m2 (IQR)	15.59 (14.12, 17.27)	15.55 (14.37, 17.64)	0.359
Age, yr (IQR)	6.8 (4.1, 11.8)	7 (4.0, 7.0)	0.971
Medical history, n (%)			0.609
Idiopathic pancreatitis	58 (49.6)	62 (53.0)
Pancreas divisum	20 (17.1)	24 (20.5)
Pancreaticobiliary maljunction	36 (30.8)	27 (23.1)
Pancreas divisum accompanied annular pancreas	3 (2.6)	4 (3.4)
Procedure, n (%)
EPS (major papilla)	25 (21.4)	20 (17.1)	0.407
EPS (minor papilla)	6 (5.1)	5 (4.3)	0.757
EST	9 (7.7)	16 (13.7)	0.139
ERPD	57 (48.7)	57 (48.7)	1.000
ERBD	30 (25.6)	34 (29.1)	0.557
ENPD	15 (12.8)	15 (12.8)	1.000
ENBD	10 (8.5)	8 (6.8)	0.624
Contrast medium			0.866
Contrast agent dose < 5 mL	96 (82.1)	95 (81.2)
Contrast agent dose ≥ 5 mL	21 (17.9)	22 (18.8)
Attempts for successful Cannulation (≥ 5 times)	20 (17.1)	20 (17.1)	1.000
Pancreatogram	103 (88.0)	104 (88.9)	0.838

EPS: Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; ERPD: Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; ENPD: Endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage; ENBD: Endoscopic naso-biliary drainage.