The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult. A surgical dilemma

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553

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Apr 27, 2023 (publication date) through Jul 19, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2023; 15(4): 553-565
Published online Apr 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553

Table 1 Underlying pathological conditions

Pathological conditions
Trauma[21,64-67]	Blunt/penetrating abdominal trauma
	Surgical anastomosis or bypass
Mechanical[68]	Pyloric obstruction or stenosis
	Duodenal obstruction or stenosis
	Bowel obstruction (volvulus, carcinoma, malrotation, intussusception)
Autoimmune[69-71]	Lupus enteritis
	Celiac sprue
	Polymyositis
	Dermatomyositis
	Polyarteritis nodosa
	Mixed connective tissue diseases
	Graft versus host disease
	Primary immunodeficiency
Malignancies[15]	Gastrointestinal cancer
	Leukemia
	Lymphoma
	Other malignancies
Inflammation[14,72]	Inflammatory bowel disease
	Appendicitis
	Diverticulitis
	Cholelithiasis
	Sarcoidosis
Vascular conditions[73]	Ischemia or infarction
	Diabetes
Pulmonary disease[74,75]	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
	Cystic fibrosis
	Asthma
Drugs[13,19,76-79]	Corticosteroids
	Chemotherapy and immunotherapy
	Immunosuppression
	Lactulose
	Trichloroethylene
	Sorbitol
	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
	Practolol
Diagnostic/therapeutic procedures[80,81]	Endoscopy
	Enema/colon idrotherapy
	Barium studies
Connective tissue disease/neurological[82,83]	Scleroderma
	Multiple sclerosis
	Hirschsprung disease
	Quadriplegia
	Amyloidosis
Other conditions[17,84]	Hemodialysis
	Pseudo-obstruction
	Whipple disease
	Cytomegalovirus infection
	COVID-19 infection

COVID-19: Corona virus infectious disease-2019.

Citation: Tropeano G, Di Grezia M, Puccioni C, Bianchi V, Pepe G, Fico V, Altieri G, Brisinda G. The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult. A surgical dilemma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15(4): 553-565
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v15/i4/553.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553