Preoperative risk modelling for oesophagectomy: A systematic review

Table 3 Clinical credibility of preoperative models

Ref.	Model	Oesophageal specific	No thresholds	Timely data	Reliable data	Easy to generate	Understandable	Useful range	Total
Onodera et al[56], 1984	PNI	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Charlson et al[57], 1987	CCI	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Charlson et al[58], 1994	ACCI	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Bouillanne et al[59], 2005	GNRI	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	5.5
Schröder et al[29], 2006	Cologne	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	No	4.5
Steyerberg et al[30], 2006	Rotterdam	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Ra et al[32], 2008	Philadelphia	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Lagarde et al[31], 2008	Amsterdam	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	6
Wright et al[33], 2009	Original STS	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Ferguson et al[34], 2011	Ferguson	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	5.5
Bilimoria et al[60], 2013	NSQIP SRC	No	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5.5
Takeuchi et al[35], 2014	Takeuchi	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	5.5
Filip et al[36], 2015	PNI multivariate	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	5.5
Raymond et al[37], 2016	Revised STS	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Reeh et al[38], 2016	PER	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	No	4.5
Hall et al[61], 2017	RAI-A	No	No	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	4.5
Subramaniam et al[62], 2018	5 Factor MFI	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	5.5
Saito et al[39], 2019	PPCS	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	5.5
Ohkura et al[40], 2020	JNCD	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	5.5
Arya et al[63], 2020	RAI-revised	No	No	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	4.5
Wan et al[41], 2022	RAI-revised (CC)	No	No	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	4.5

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; ACCI: Age-adjusted charlson comorbidity index; GNRI: Geriatric nutritional risk index; NSQIP SRC: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator; RAI-A: Administrative risk analysis index; MFI: Modified frailty index; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons Oesophagectomy Composite Score; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; PPCS: Predicting postoperative complications score; JNCD: Japanese National Clinical Database; PER: Perioperative esophagectomy risk score.