Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen detection in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Diagnostic values of follow up duration and reference standards

Ref.	Year of publication	Sample size	Percent recurrence (%)	Duration of follow-up (mo)	Index test	Frequency (mo)	Standard of reference	True positive	False positive	False negative	True negative
Augestad et al[15]	2014	110	12.7	17	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	Colonoscopy, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography scans, PET scans	3	6	4	97
Bhatti et al[16]	2015	569	26.2	6-50	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	CT and PET scans with or without biopsies	123	23	26	397
Chang et al[17]	2017	357	18.8	3-64	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	CT scan	44	59	23	231
Hara et al[20]	2011	127	36.2	N/A	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	Radiological examination	31	31	15	50
Guo et al[19]	2018	178	51.7	N/A	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	Radiological examination involving X-rays, CT scans	66	36	26	50
Kim and Lee[22]	2013	336	23.5	36-134	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	Biopsies and radiological examination	34	23	45	234
Moloney et al[23]	2019	138	4.3	25	N/A	6	CT scans, colonoscopy and ultrasound	2	5	4	127
Rodrigues et al[25]	2017	404	12.9	3-79	CEA reference threshold of 5 ug/L for smokers and a 3 g/L for non-smokers	6	Radiological examinations	23	36	29	316
Shinkins et al[26]	2017	582	17.9	N/A	CEA reference threshold of 5 g/L	6	CT scans, colonoscopy	51	12	53	466

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CT: Computed tomography; PET: Positron-emission tomography; N/A: Not applicable.