Recent evidence for subcutaneous drains to prevent surgical site infections after abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Summary of clinical outcomes in each study for the subcutaneous drain group vs the control group after abdominal surgery

Ref.	Year	Drained, n	Control, n	Total SSI, n	Superficial SSI, n	Deep/organ SSI, n	Seroma, n	Hospital stay, mean ± SD	Mortality, n
Baier et al[23]	2010	100	100	10:9	9:6	1:3	ND	ND	ND
Kaya et al[11]	2010	210	192	12:19	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Nakayama et al[19]	2014	131	129	10:12	10:12	0:0	ND	26.3 ± 39.7 : 30.3 ± 49.5	1:0
Numata et al[24]	2014	124	122	4:12	4:12	0:0	0:0	ND	ND
Westphalen et al[25]	2015	21	21	4:5	ND	ND	11:9	ND	0:0
Arer et al[20]	2016	23	25	2:8	ND	ND	ND	5.9 ± 2.4 : 7.9 ± 3.8	ND
Lauscher et al[21]	2016	50	53	7:9	4:7	3:2	1:1	8.3 ± 2.3 : 9.3 ± 3.8	ND
Watanabe et al[26]	2017	112	117	5:15	4:12	1:3	ND	ND	0:0

ND: Not described; SD: Standard deviation; SSI: Surgical site infection.