Antimicrobial approach of abdominal post-surgical infections

Table 3 Microorganisms distributions for different type of abdominal surgery

Microorganism	Type of surgery
	Laparoscopic CHOL	Open CHOL	Laparoscopic COLO	Open COLO	CSEC
Gram-positive cocci	52.9	39	34.8	70.4	78.8
Staphylococcus aureus	23.9	7.6	4.3	25	38.4
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	9.2	6.2	2.2	27	22.6
Enterococcus species	11.1	18.9	24.5	9.3	5.6
Streptococcus species	4.8	1.9	2.3	3.7	5.7
Other Gram-positive cocci	3.9	4.4	1.4	5.4	6.5
Gram-positive bacilli	1.5	0.8	0.1	2	2.7
Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacterales	27.5	44.4	48.7	18.3	10.6
Escherichia coli	13.2	21.7	30.4	6.2	3.5
Citrobacter species	0.5	2.4	1.1	0.7	0.4
Enterobacter species	2.3	5.6	5.5	3.3	2.8
Klebsiella species	5	9.8	6.2	2.1	1.4
Proteus species	3.5	2.1	2.1	3.8	1.3
Serratia species	1.1	0.3	0.9	1	0.8
Other Enterobacteriaceae	2.1	2.5	2.5	1.1	0.4
Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli	4.2	2.1	6	3.8	3.3
Acinetobacter species	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.6
Hemophilus species	0.2	0.1	0	0	0.1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2.1	0.9	5.3	2.9	1.6
Pseudomonadaceae family, other	0.2	0	0	0.2	0.6
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	0	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Other Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli	1.4	0.5	0.2	0.1	0
Anaerobes	12	8.7	6.3	4.8	3.8
Bacteroides species	1.8	1.2	4.4	0.2	0.1
Other anaerobes	10.2	7.5	2	4.6	3.7
Other bacteria	1.8	3.5	1	0.4	0.6
Fungi, parasites	0.2	1.5	3.2	0.3	0.1
Candida species	0.2	1.5	3.2	0.3	0.1
Other fungi or parasites	0	0	0	0	0

Data obtained from the ECDC’s Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018-2020 on surgical site infections. CHOL: Cholecystectomy; COLO: Colon surgery; CSEC: Caesarean section.