Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2023; 15(11): 2596-2618
Published online Nov 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2596
Table 1 Risk of bias assessment of non-randomised studies, using Cochrane ROBINS-1 tool
Ref.
Confounding factor bias
Selection bias
Bias in classification of interventions
Bias due to deviations from intended intervention
Bias due to missing data
Bias in measurement of outcomes
Bias in selection of the reported result
Overall bias
Ardito et al[45]LowLowLowLowLowLowLowLow
Kobayashi et al[36]Low
ModerateLowLowLowLowModerateModerate
Okabayashi et al[33]LowLowLowLowLowLowLowLow
Shirabe et al[37]LowLowLowLowLowLow
LowLow