Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Oct 27, 2023; 15(10): 2305-2319
Published online Oct 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2305
Published online Oct 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2305
Table 2 Summary of systematically reviewed clinical cases of hepatobiliary/miliary tuberculosis
Ref. | Country | Age (year) | Sex | Clinical presentation | Diagnostic modalities | Treatment | Outcome | Quality assessment |
Patel et al[44], 2016 | India | 14 | Female | Persistent, intermittent fever associated with chills, abdominal pain, anorexia for 1 mo; neurological symptoms | Ultrasound of abdomen with portosplenic doppler; CT scan of the abdomen; bacterial culture of liver abscess; TB-PCR; mycobacterium growth indicator tube culture; MRI of the brain | Dexamethaxone for meningitis; rifampicin, Isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Neurological symptoms regressed; significant improvement | High |
Sahin et al[45], 2014 | Turkey | Elevated liver enzymes | Liver biopsy CT scan of the abdomen | Not specified | Not specified | Low | ||
Diallo et al[46], 2016 | Dakar, | 48 | Female | Cholestatic jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, fever (38.5 °C) and weak general condition, weight loss of 15 kg in 2 mo; on physical examination there was jaundice, fever, abdomen was soft, tenderness at the RUQ with hepatomegaly | Abdominal ultrasound; thoracoabdominal CT scan; liver biopsy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol; levofloxacin (included in the triple therapy for 10 d) | Good evolution: Clinical improvement, normalization of liver function tests | High |
Ozin et al[47], 2010 | Turkey | 43 | Female | Initially complained of malaise and itching, with elevate liver enzymes and bilirubin; diagnosis: Hepatobiliary tuberculosis | Hepatobiliary tree and pancrease ultrasound; ERCP; liver biopsy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Liver function tests were improved | High |
Jain et al[48], 2017 | India | 50 | Male | Jaundice since 10 d associated with significant loss of weight & appetite; diagnosis: Hepatobiliary tuberculosis | Liver ultrasound; CT scan of the abdomen; MRCP; and liver hepatectomy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Responded well | High |
Chang et al[49], 2018 | Taiwan | 80 | Male | Smear-positive, culture confirmed pulmonary TB, fever and chills after 1 wk of treatment; abdominal pain; diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis | Abdominal ultrasound; sputum AFB | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | ABE were not noted | High |
Chang et al[49], 2018 | Taiwan | 50 | Male | A male patient in his 50 s with comorbid, medically controlled DM and COPD was diagnosed with pulmonary TB based on a histology report of a transbronchial lung biopsy and a mycobacterial; culture of bronchial washing sample; diagnosed with acute cholecystitis | Abdominal ultrasound; CT scan of the abdomen | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Chang et al[49], 2018 | Taiwan | 50 | Male | Hypertension and COPD, irregular medical control, diagnosed with smear-positive, culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. Two weeks prior to the commencement of standard anti-TB treatment, he had pneumonia with respiratory failure and septic shock; multiple cholelithiasis was noted with dilated intrahepatic duct; treatment was halted | Hepatobiliary tree and pancrease ultrasound | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Died of refractory septic shock | High |
Chang et al[49], 2018 | Taiwan | 20 | Male | Fever, chest pains, left pleural effusionImpression: Intermittent biliary obstruction due to a passing of stone | Sputum-AFB | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Yamashita et al[50], 2014 | Japan | 48 | Female | Past history of systemic lupus erythematosus developed autoimmune hepatitis, fever; diagnosis: Miliary tuberculosis | CT scan of the abdomen; liver biopsy | Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; subsequently changed to levofloxacin, ethambutol and streptomycin | Recovered liver function improved and no inflammatory reaction | Moderate |
Yamane et al[51], 2010 | Japan | 47 | Male | Incidental finding of an abnormality in the duodenum during endoscopy; no subjective symptoms; diagnosis: Tubercular papillitis of vater | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; colonoscopy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improvement of the duodenal lesion and colonic lesion | High |
Ratanarapee et al[52], 1991 | Thailand | 38 | Male | 2-mo history of painless obstructive jaundice; cachectic and deeply icteric, with a normal temperature and an impalpable liver; diagnosis: Tuberculosis of the common bile duct | Ultrasound of the hepatibiliary tree | Rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol | Good health | High |
Tewari et al[53], 2009 | Japan | 70 | Female | Episodes of mild upper abdominal pain and vomiting of 3 mo; mild jaundice for 2 mo that subsided on its own; diagnosis: Tubercular ampullary papillitis | Ultrasound of the abdomen; CT scan of abdomen; EGD; ERCP; excision of the ampulla, with biopsy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Li et al[54], 2015 | China | 39 | Female | 10-d history of fatigue, anorexia, and jaundice. She had no abdominal pain or fever; diagnosis: Pelvic and Salpinx tuberculosis with secondary fulminant hepatic failure | CT scan of abdomen | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Died as a consequence of ischemic cholangitis and pulmonary infection | High |
Hickey et al[35], 1999 | Ireland | 50 | Male | Pyrexia of unknown origin which was ongoing for 2.5 yr with multiple previous hospital admissions; diagnosis: Splenic tuberculosis | Ultrasound of the abdomen; abdominal CT scan | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Well for over 6 yr | High |
Hickey et al[35], 1999 | Ireland | 70 | Male | 6-wk history of progressive jaundice, severe pruritus, dark; urine, pale stools, and weight loss, with groin swelling | Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; biopsy of groin swelling | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | No recurrence for 5 yr | High |
Gaspar et al[55], 2018 | Portugal | 35 | Male | Fatigue, fever, weight loss, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pruritus, hepatomegaly; diagnosis: Hepatic granuloma | CT scan of the abdomenliver biopsy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Discharged from the hospital | Mod |
Musumba et al[56], 2013 | United Kingdom | 47 | Male | 5-d history of intermittent fever, rigors and night sweats; post cadaveric renal transplant 1 mo prior, and receives immunosuppressive therapy; diagnosis: Miliary tuberculosis | Whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography; liver biopsy | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Good clinical response | High |
Poplin et al[57], 2020 | United States | 52 | Male | 1 mo PTC, hospitalized for culture-negative spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, liver disease was incidentally found; recurrent fever; diagnosis: Miliary TB; end-stage liver disease | Liver biopsy; CT scan of abdomen | Rifampicin, ethambutol, levofloxacin, amikacin 3 times weekly | Died due to ABE | High |
Huang et al[21], 2003 | Taiwan | 47 | Male | Epigastric pain; CT scan solitary liver nodule 13.5 cm tumor left lobe | Lobectomy, anti-TB Meds | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Huang et al[21], 2003 | Taiwan | 57 | Male | Malaise, weight loss; CT scan; solitary liver nodule 5.0 cm tumor at the left lobe | Wedge resection, anti-tb meds | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Huang et al[21], 2003 | Taiwan | 63 | Male | Managed for gastric cancer; CT scan; solitary liver nodule 2.0 cm at segment IV | Wedge biopsy | Expired | High | |
Huang et al[21], 2003 | Taiwan | 67 | Female | Managed for gastric cancer; CT scan MULTIPLE small liver nodules at both lobes | Biopsy, refused treatment | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Dropped out of management | High |
Huang et al[21], 2003 | Taiwan | 71 | Female | Epigastric pain with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding; CT scan; solitary liver nodule 12.0 cm at the left lobe; nodular density at the right lower lung field on chest X-ray | Left hepatectomy; anti-tb meds | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
Zhang et al[29], 2014 | China | 30 | Male | Weight loss, poor appetite, body weakness, abdominal distention, chest congestion | CT scan; FNAB | Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide ethambutol | Improved | High |
- Citation: Esguerra-Paculan MJA, Soldera J. Hepatobiliary tuberculosis in the developing world. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15(10): 2305-2319
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v15/i10/2305.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2305