Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method vs conventional robotic resection for lower rectal cancer

Table 2 Perioperative outcomes

Outcomes	R-NOSES I-F (n = 22)	RLRC (n = 76)	Ρ value
Surgery time (min)	173.0 ± 39.5	187.3 ± 50.9	0.389
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	89.6 ± 47.9	74.5 ± 62.8	0.068
Prophylactic stoma, n (%)	7 (31.8)	36 (47.4)	0.196
VAS score
POD1	1.7 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 0.6	0.003
POD3	1.5 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.6	0.411
POD5	1.1 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.4	0.247
Time to pass flatus (d)	2.7 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.7	< 0.001
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	11.1 ± 5.2	9.9 ± 5.1	0.091
Hospitalization costs ($)	85098.7 ± 11067.9	82267.9 ± 14993.9	0.130
Postoperative complications, n (%)			0.632
Anastomosis Leakage, n (%)	2 (9.1)	2 (2.6)
Pelvic hemorrhage	0	1 (1.3)
Abdominal infection	0	1 (1.3)
Ileus, n (%)	1 (4.5)	1 (1.3)
Incision infection, n (%)	0	2 (2.6)
Incisional hernia of the abdominal wall, n (%)	0	4 (5.3)
Urinary retention	0	1 (1.3)
White blood cell count (× 109/L)
POD1	9.0 ± 2.8	9.4 ± 2.9	0.462
POD3	7.6 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 3.0	0.321
POD5	6.8 ± 2.1	8.1 ± 4.3	0.112
Neutrophil count (× 109/L)
POD1	7.8 ± 2.6	8.1 ± 2.7	0.579
POD3	6.0 ± 2.0	6.6 ± 3.0	0.563
POD5	5.1 ± 2.0	5.9 ± 2.7	0.266
Body temperature (℃)
POD1	36.9 ± 0.4	37.0 ± 0.4	0.600
POD2	37.1 ± 0.6	36.9 ± 0.4	0.057
POD3	37.0 ± 0.4	36.9 ± 0.4	0.295
POD4	36.8 ± 0.4	36.7 ± 0.4	0.300
POD5	36.9 ± 0.7	36.7 ± 0.5	0.166

R-NOSES I-F: Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method; RLRC: Robotic-assisted low rectal cancer resection; VAS: Visual analog scale; POD: Postoperative days.