New perspectives on robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: An analysis of the National Cancer Database

Table 3 Lymph node harvest and short-term oncologic outcomes for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 17169)	Type of procedure			P value
		Open (n = 13816)	Laparoscopic1 (n = 2677)	Robotic2 (n = 676)
Mean Lymph nodes harvested (95%CI)	18.84 (18.69, 18.98)	18.59 (18.43, 18.75)	19.65 (19.29, 20.02)	20.70 (19.89, 21.51)	< 0.0001
Mean Lymph nodes positive (95%CI)	2.49 (2.44, 2.55)	2.48 (2.48, 2.54)	2.58 (2.45, 2.72)	2.37 (2.11, 2.64)	0.26
Vascular invasion					0.0115
Yes	7313 (42.6)	5816 (42.1)	1178 (44.0)	319 (47.2)
No	7764 (45.2)	6259 (45.3)	1208 (45.1)	297 (43.9)
Unknown	2092 (12.2)	1741 (12.6)	291 (10.9)	60 (8.9)
AJCC Pathological Stage					0.02
0	341 (1.99)	281 (2.03)	45 (1.68)	15 (2.22)
1	79 (0.46)	68 (0.49)	9 (0.34)	2 (0.30)
1A	995 (5.80)	778 (5.63)	169 (6.31)	48 (7.10)
1B	1102 (6.42)	918 (6.64)	148 (5.53)	36 (5.33)
2	45 (0.26)	44 (0.32)	1 (0.04)	0
2A	2849 (16.59)	2322 (16.81)	435 (16.25)	92 (13.61)
2B	8430 (49.10)	6826 (49.41)	1335 (49.87)	269 (39.79)
3	317 (1.85)	262 (1.90)	47 (1.76)	8 (1.18)
Unknown	3011 (17.54)	2317 (16.77)	488 (18.23)	206 (30.47)
Surgical margins					0.75
No residual tumor (R0)	13728 (79.96)	11042 (79.92)	2150 (80.31)	536 (79.29)
Microscopic residual tumor (R1)	3232 (18.82)	2601 (18.83)	495 (18.49)	136 (20.12)
Macroscopic residual tumor (R2)	87 (0.51)	73 (0.53)	13 (0.49)	1 (0.15)
Cannot be accessed	122 (0.71)	100 (0.72)	19 (0.71)	3 (0.44)
Length of stay (95%CI)	10.77 (10.63, 10.90)	10.92 (10.77, 11.07)	10.29 (9.92, 10.66)	9.61 (8.97, 10.25)	< 0.0001
Readmission 30 d (readmitted)	1398 (8.14)	1113 (8.06)	227 (8.48)	58 (8.58)	0.71
Mortality 30 d (dead)	381 (2.67)	312 (2.69)	55 (2.50)	14 (2.99)	0.80
Mortality 90 d (dead)	752 (5.30)	634 (5.50)	97 (4.42)	21 (4.48)	0.09

¹Includes minimally invasive and minimally invasive converted to open.

²Includes robotic-assisted and robotic-assisted converted to open. AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer.