New perspectives on robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: An analysis of the National Cancer Database

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of adult patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 17169)	Type of procedure			P value
		Open (n = 13816)	Laparoscopic1 (n = 2677)	Robotic2 (n = 676)
Age, mean (95%CI)3	64.9 (64.7, 65.0)	64.81 (64.62, 64.99)	64.97 (64.55, 65.39)	65.36 (64.47, 66.25)	0.38
Sex					0.93
Female	8310 (48.4)	6694 (48.45)	1287 (48.08)	329 (48.67)
Male	8859 (51.6)	7122 (51.55)	1390 (51.92)	347 (52.33)
Race4					0.18
White	14509 (84.5)	11658 (84.38)	2284 (85.32)	567 (83.88)
Black	1739 (10.1)	1435 (10.39)	237 (8.85)	67 (9.91)
Other	766 (4.5)	597 (4.32)	133 (4.97)	36 (5.33)
Unknown	155 (0.9)	126 (0.91)	23 (0.86)	6 (0.89)
Hispanic ethnicity					0.009
Yes	981 (5.7)	809 (5.86)	145 (5.42)	27 (3.99)
No	16188 (94.29)	13007 (94.14)	2532 (95.58)	649 (96.01)
Charlson-Deyo score					0.52
0	10977 (63.9)	8867 (64.18)	1692 (63.21)	418 (61.83)
1	4471 (26.0)	3578 (25.90)	710 (26.52)	183 (27.07)
2	1134 (6.6)	904 (6.54)	175 (6.54)	55 (8.14)
3 or more	587 (3.4)	467 (3.38)	100 (3.74)	20 (2.96)
Surgical procedure					0.07
With partial gastrectomy	14068 (81.94)	11357 (82.20)	2152 (80.39)	559 (82.69)
Without partial gastrectomy	3101 (18.06)	2459 (17.80)	525 (19.61)	117 (17.31)

¹Includes minimally invasive and minimally invasive converted to open.

²Includes robotic-assisted and robotic-assisted converted to open.

³Ages greater than 90 were recoded to 90.

⁴Includes patients who identified themselves as Korean, Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Pakistani, Hawaiian, American Indian, Asian, or other smaller ethnic groups.