Predictors of difficult endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer at the esophagogastric junction

Table 2 The characteristics of the lesions treated by various methods of endoscopic resection

Variable	STER	EFTR	ESD
Tumor diameter, n (%)
< 30 mm	23 (52.3)	10 (71.4)	23 (71.9)
≥ 30 mm	21 (47.7)	4 (28.6)	9 (28.1)
Location, n (%)
Esophagocardia	19 (43.2)	0 (0.0)	6 (18.8)
Cardia	18 (40.9)	2 (14.3)	6 (18.8)
Gastrocardia	7 (15.9)	12 (85.7)	20 (62.4)
Shapes of lesion, n (%)
Regular	16 (36.4)	11 (78.6)	20 (62.5)
Irregular	28 (63.6)	3 (21.4)	12 (37.5)
Growth pattern, n (%)
Predominant extraluminal	6 (13.6)	11 (78.6)	0 (0.0)
Predominant intracavitary	38 (86.4)	3 (21.4)	32 (100.0)
Histopathology, n (%)
Leiomyoma	42 (95.4)	4 (28.6)	25 (78.1)
GIST	1 (2.3)	10 (71.4)	7 (21.9)
Schwannoma	1 (2.3)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.0)
Operation time, median (range), min	50 (18–126)	55 (23–108)	36 (16–116)
En bloc resection, n (%)	34 (77.3)	13 (92.9)	29 (90.6)
Intraoperative bleeding, n (%)
Bleeding group	8 (18.2)	3 (21.4)	6 (18.8)
No bleeding group	36 (81.8)	11 (78.6)	26 (81.3)

STER: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection; EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.