Predictors of difficult endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer at the esophagogastric junction

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of 90 patients with submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer in the esophagogastric junction

Variable	Number
Age, median (range), yr	55.5 (25.0–74.0)
Male/Female, n (%)	42/48 (46.7/53.3)
Location, n (%)
Esophagocardia	25 (27.8)
Cardia	26 (28.9)
Gastrocardia	39 (43.3)
Tumor diameter, median (range), mm	20.0 (5.0–100.0)
Shapes of lesion, n (%)
Regular	47 (52.2)
Irregular	43 (47.8)
Growth pattern, n (%)
Predominant extraluminal	17 (18.9)
Predominant intracavitary	73 (81.1)
Surface, n (%)
Smooth	77 (85.6)
Reddish and erosive	13 (14.4)
Surgical approach, n (%)
STER	44 (48.9)
EFTR	14 (15.6)
ESD	32 (35.5)
En bloc resection, n (%)	76 (84.4)
Operation time, median (range), min	43 (16–126)
Intraoperative bleeding, n (%)
Bleeding group	17 (18.9)
No bleeding group	73 (81.1)
Histopathology, n (%)
Leiomyoma	71 (78.9)
GIST	18 (20.0)
Schwannoma	1 (1.1)
Follow-up time, median (range), months	16.4 (6.0–26.0)

STER: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection; EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.