Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2022; 14(8): 765-777
Published online Aug 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i8.765
Table 2 Risk factors for permanent stoma after sphincter-preserving surgery according to univariate and multivariable analyses
Variable
Univariable analysis OR (95%CI)
P value
Multivariable analysis OR (95%CI)
P value
Age, yr0.99 (0.969-1.012)0.3690.959 (0.895-1.027)0.232
Sex (Ref. = female)
Male0.822 (0.472-1.443)0.4910.273 (1.044-1.7)0.164
Body mass index, kg/m21.022 (0.953-1.092)0.5320.949 (0.807-1.116)0.525
DM (Ref. = No)
Yes0.792 (0.363-1.586)0.5320.307 (0.032-2.9)0.303
Hypertension (Ref. = No)
Yes1.229 (0.678-2.179)0.4880.819 (0.121-5.542)0.838
Heart disease (Ref. = No)
Yes0.893 (0.256-2.413)0.840.229 (0.008-6.382)0.385
COPD (Ref. = No)
Yes5.795 (0.684-49.02)0.082451.125 (0.376->999)0.091
CKD (Ref. = No)
Yes0.931 (0.34-2.172)0.8780.421 (0.019-9.234)0.583
Liver disease (Ref. = No)
Yes1.179 (0.488-2.55)0.6940.054 (0.004-0.698)0.025
Smoker (Ref. = No)
Yes0.906 (0.379-1.932)0.810.125 (0.007-2.148)0.152
Distance to anus verge, cm0.838 (0.758-0.921)< 0.0010.834 (0.618-1.127)0.238
Clinical T stage (Ref. = T0)
T1< 0.001 (NA-4.239)0.981.081 (< 0.001-> 999)0.999
T21.28 (0.193-25.357)0.827> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.968
T31.394 (0.246-26.24)0.757> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.976
T43.2 (0.468-64.31)0.308> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.971
Clinical N stage (Ref. = N0)
N11.697 (0.831-3.568)0.1520.017 (< 0.001-> 999)0.986
N21.466 (0.701-3.129)0.3130.003 (< 0.001-> 999)0.981
AJCC c TNM stage (Ref. = Stage 0)
Stage I0.98 (0.139-19.76)0.9860.015 (< 0.001-> 999)0.986
Stage II1.077 (0.159-21.492)0.9480.007 (< 0.001-> 999)0.983
Stage III1.648 (0.291-30.993)0.642NANA
Pre-operative CCRT (Ref. = No)
Yes1.332 (0.731-2.533)0.3641.873 (0.137-25.575)0.638
Hb, g/dL0.987 (0.832-1.18)0.8871.404 (0.768-2.568)0.27
Albumin, g/dL0.821 (0.361-1.928)0.6430.66 (0.041-10.497)0.769
CEA, ng/mL1.011 (0.978-1.038)0.4430.936 (0.804-1.09)0.396
ASA score (Ref. = I)
II2.02 (1.046-3.891)0.0367.967 (0.64-99.127)0.107
IIINANANANA
Surgical Approach way (Ref. = 0)
LPS (1)NANA> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.859
Robotic (2)NANA> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.872
Type of operation (Ref. = LAR)
CAA3.46 (1.958-6.266)< 0.0010.221 (0.027-1.796)0.158
Estimated blood loss1.002 (1-1.005)0.0721.001 (0.987-1.016)0.889
Operative time1.004 (1.002-1.007)< 0.0011.011 (1.001-1.02)0.026
Histologic tumor grade (Ref. = Grade I)
Grade II1.622 (0.883-3.05)0.1241.203 (0.22-6.586)0.831
Grade III2.507 (0.645-8.203)0.1471.53 (0.038-61.785)0.822
Tumor size, mm1.026 (1.011-1.041)< 0.0011.076 (1.015-1.14)0.014
Circumferential resection margin (Ref. = No)
Yes6.575 (2.955-14.604)< 0.0010.936 (0.064-13.699)0.961
Lymph vascular invasion (Ref. = No)
Yes1.99 (1.071-3.617)0.0260.94 (0.132-6.715)0.951
Perineural invasion (Ref. = No)
Yes3.085 (1.726-5.518)< 0.0017.674 (1.138-51.745)0.036
Postoperative hospital stays1.05 (1.02-1.083)0.0011.003 (0.911-1.104)0.953
Postoperative chemotherapy (Ref. = No)
Yes1.907 (0.963-4.134)0.0794.281 (0.247-74.107)0.318
Anastomosis site stenosis (Ref. = No)
Yes11.648 (5.499-25.374)< 0.001211.256 (13.705-> 999)< 0.001
Local recurrence (Ref. = No)
Yes12.584 (5.874-27.885)< 0.001111.578 (7.964-> 999)< 0.001
Postoperative leakage (Ref. = No)
Yes2.659 (0.982-6.557)0.0410.743 (0.047-11.833)0.833
Perirectal abscess (Ref. = No)
Yes11.037 (3.22-43.367)< 0.001369.397 (17.137-> 999)< 0.001
Recto visceral fistula (Ref. = No)
Yes44.557 (7.71-841.643)< 0.001> 999 (< 0.001-> 999)0.963