Nomogram to predict permanent stoma in rectal cancer patients after sphincter-saving surgery

Table 1 Comparison of patient-related characteristics between the stoma free and permanent stoma groups

Characteristic	Stoma free (n = 332)	Permanent stoma (n = 89)	P value
Age, yr	60.78 ± 12.80	60.56 ± 12.60	0.888
Sex (n)			0.716
Male	196 (59.04%)	50 (56.18%)
Female	136 (40.96%)	39 (43.82%)
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.00 ± 3.97	24.47 ± 4.32	0.331
Comorbidity (n)
DM	68 (20.48%)	14 (15.73%)	0.393
Hypertension	103 (31.02%)	33 (7.08%)	0.339
Heart disease	25 (7.53%)	8 (8.99%)	0.816
COPD	2 (0.60%)	2 (2.25%)	0.421
Chronic kidney disease	36 (10.84%)	9 (10.11%)	0.996
Liver disease	39 (11.75%)	10 (11.24%)	1
Smoker (n)	49 (14.76%)	9 (10.11%)	0.339
Distance to anus verge, cm	7.06 ± 3.52	4.68 ± 3.96	< 0.001
Clinical T stage (n)			0.002
T0	8 (2.41%)	1 (1.13%)
T1	12 (3.61%)	1 (1.13%)
T2	50 (15.06%)	8 (8.98%)
T3	218 (65.66%)	56 (62.92%)
T4	20 (6.03%)	17 (19.10%)
Data loss	24 (7.23%)	6 (6.74%)
Clinical N stage (n)			0.44
N0	108 (32.53%)	23 (25.84%)
N1	100 (30.12%)	31 (34.83%)
N2	100 (30.12%)	29 (32.59%)
Data loss	24 (7.23%)	6 (6.74%)
AJCC c TNM stage (n)			0.002
Stage 0	8 (2.41%)	1 (1.13%)
Stage I	49 (14.76%)	7 (7.86%)
Stage II	52 (15.66%)	15 (16.85%)
Stage III	199 (59.94%)	60 (67.42%)
Data loss	24 (7.23%)	6 (6.74%)
NACR (n)	222 (66.87%)	69 (77.53%)	0.026
Hb, g/dL	12.78 ± 1.57	12.52 ± 1.72	0.169
Albumin, g/dL	4.14 ± 0.36	4.08 ± 0.37	0.19
CEA, ng/mL	4.81 ± 8.58	6.15 ± 8.69	0.198
ASA score (n)			0.182
I	26 (7.83%)	3 (3.37%)
II	271 (81.63%)	73 (82.02%)
III	30 (9.03%)	12 (13.48%)
Data loss	5 (1.51%)	1 (1.13%)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; DM: Diabetes mellitus; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; Hb: Hemoglobin; NCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; NACR: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation.