Clinical application and research progress of extracellular slow wave recording in the gastrointestinal tract

Table 1 Milestone research of extracellular gastrointestinal slow wave recording

Ref.	Year	Research type	Methods	Part of GI	Major advances
Alvarez et al[6]	1922	Rabbits	Monopolar electrode	Small intestine	First record the SW
Alvarez[32]	1922	Human	EGG	Abdominal wall	First electrogastrogram recording
Code and Marlett[89]	1974	Dogs	Multi-electrode	Stomach	First report gastric arrhythmia
Code et al[29]	1975	Dogs	Multi-electrode	Stomach and small intestine	Define the MMC
Hinder and Kell[54]	1977	Human	Multi-electrode	Stomach	First locate the gastric pacemaker
Di Luzio et al[90]	1989	Human	MGG	Stomach and small intestine	Noninvasively investigate the activity of the GI system
Miranda et al[91]	1992	Human	ACB	Stomach	Study stomach emptying model
Bradshaw et al[92]	2003	Rabbits	MGG	Stomach	Investigate gastric electrical activity under normal and vagotomized condition
Corá et al[76]	2005	Human	ACB	Stomach	Obtain a comprehensive knowledge of the behavior of pharmaceutical forms in the GI tract
Lammers et al[93]	2008	Dogs	HR mapping	Stomach	First observe the spatial origin and propagation patterns of SW arrhythmias
Bradshaw et al[68]	2009	Human	MGG	Stomach	Obtain spatiotemporal parameters of the gastric SW
Du et al[62]	2009	Pigs	HR mapping	Stomach	Design a new sterilized PCB electrode
O'Grady et al[66]	2009	Pigs and human	HR mapping	Stomach	Design a novel laparoscopic device for HR mapping
O'Grady et al[55]	2010	Human	HR mapping	Stomach	The most comprehensive study of the gastric conduction system
Farajidavar et al[52]	2012	Dogs	Multi-wireless modules	Stomach	Design a bidirectional wireless system for SW recording
Calabresi et al[72]	2015	Rats	ACB	Stomach	Assess gastric motility
Gharibans et al[94]	2017	Electrophysiology model	HR-EGG	Stomach	Address the spatial limitations of the EGG
Gharibans et al[95]	2019	Human	HR-EGG	Stomach	Achieve comprehensive spatial analytics of gastric far-field gastric potentials

ACB: Alternate current biosusceptometry; EGG: Electrogastrogram; GI: Gastrointestinal tract; HR: High-resolution; MGG: Magnetogastrogram; MMC: Migrating motor complex; PCB: Printed circuit board; SW: Slow wave.