Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2022; 14(2): 174-184
Published online Feb 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i2.174
Table 2 Intraoperative index and pathological outcomes of the study cohort stratified by surgical method

Total (n = 166)
CM (n = 133)
PPM (n = 33)
P value
Intraoperative index
Surgical approach, n (%)0.126
laparotomy139 (80.1)108 (81.2)31 (93.9)
laparoscopic13 (7.8)11 (8.3)2 (6.1)
Robot14 (8.4)14 (10.5)0 (0)
Surgeon experiences, mean (yr)19.319.019.50.85
Operation duration, median (range)135 (27-381)135 (27-381)120 (50-301)0.71
Intraoperative bleeding volume, median (± SD)200 (0-2000)200 (0-2000)100 (50-600)0.488
Pathological outcomes
Median size (mm), median (range)40 (3.5-140)45 (3.5-140)32 (17-140)0.069
Tumor location, n (%)0.001a
Head69 (41.6)46 (34.6)23 (69.7)
Body19 (11.4)15 (11.3)4 (12.1)
Tail17 (10.2)17 (12.8)0 (0)
Multiple sites64 (38.6)55 (41.4)6 (18.2)
Ki67 index, n (%)0.53a
I141 (84.9)115 (86.5)26 (78.8)
II22 (13.3)16 (12.0)6 (18.2)
III3 (1.8)2 (1.5)1 (3.0)
Peripheral tissue invasion, n (%)18 (10.8)15 (11.3)3 (9.1)0.426
Positive margin status, n (%)12 (7.2)10 (7.5)2 (6.0)0.283