Long-term outcomes of postgastrectomy syndrome after total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy using the augmented rectangle technique

Table 5 Main outcomes in symptoms categories

		ART group, n = 94		PGSAS group, n = 909		Cohen’s d	P value
		mean	SD	mean	SD
Symptom	Esophageal reflux subscale	1.4	0.6	1.7	0.8	0.30	< 0.001
	Abdominal pain subscale	1.5	0.5	1.7	0.7	0.26	0.003
	Meal-related distress subscale	1.7	0.7	2.1	0.9	0.35	< 0.001
	Indigestion subscale	1.6	0.6	2.0	0.8	0.43	< 0.001
	Diarrhea subscale	1.8	0.7	2.1	1.1	0.27	0.001
	Constipation subscale	1.9	0.7	2.2	1.0	0.32	< 0.001
	Dumping subscale	1.5	0.7	2.0	1.0	0.41	< 0.001
	Total symptoms score	1.6	0.4	2.0	0.7	0.45	< 0.001

ART: Augmented rectangle technique; PGSAS: Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale; SD: Standard deviation.